不同种植密度对南疆机采棉叶片生理特性及产量的影响  

Effect of planting density on leaf physiological characteristic and yield of machine picked cotton in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：张娜[1] 冯璐[2] 李玲 李春梅 马云珍 王芳[1] 李志鹏 万素梅[3] 李亚兵[2] 徐文修[1] ZHANG Na;FENG Lu;LI Ling;LI Chunmei;MA Yunzhen;WANG Fang;LI Zhipeng;WAN Sumei;LI Yabing;XU Wenxiu(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Instute of Cotton Research/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,China;Cnllege of Plant Science.Tarim l lniversity.Aral 843300.China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [3]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2021年第5期22-29,共8页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000900);新疆农业大学棉花团队发展基金(XNMH2019004)。

摘　　要：为筛选出新疆南疆机采棉适宜的种植密度,试验采用单因子随机区组试验设计,在机采(66cm+10cm)一膜六行种植模式下设置9(P1)、12(P2)、15(P3)、18(P4)、21(P5)和24万株/hm^(2)(P6)6个种植密度,以‘中棉所88号’为供试材料,测定不同种植密度处理机采棉叶片的光合特性及产量指标。结果表明:随着种植密度的增大,机采棉叶片SPAD、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、热耗散的量子比率(Fo/Fm)、光能传递效率(Fv/Fm)、光合性能指数(PIabs)及籽棉产量均呈"先升后降"的变化,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则呈"先降后升"的变化趋势。叶片SPAD、Pn、Tr、Gs和Fv/Fm在盛蕾、盛花期均以P4处理最大,但盛铃期SPAD、Pn、Tr和Gs则均在P3处理达到峰值,Fv/Fm以P4处理最大;Fo/Fm盛蕾期以P3处理最大,盛花期和盛铃期以P4处理最大;PIabs在测定生育时期内均以P3处理最大。随种植密度的增加,棉花单株铃数显著降低,单铃重及籽棉产量均呈"先升后降"的变化,以P5处理籽棉产量最高,为6272.79kg/hm^(2),分别较P1、P2、P3、P4和P6处理高出28.54%、18.61%、3.87%、2.95%和12.78%,但与P3、P4处理并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。因此,综合考虑各生理指标及产量,建议南疆机采棉可适当降低种植密度,宜控制在15~18万株/hm^(2)。The aim of this study was to select suitable planting density for machine picked cotton in South Xinjiang.Cultivar‘Zhongmiansuo 88’was applied as research material,and six planting densities 90 000(P1),120 000(P2),150 000(P3),180 000(P4),210 000(P5)and 240 000 plants/hm^(2)(P6),were set in a randomized block experimental design.Different indicators of photosynthetic characteristics and yield were observed under different treatments.The results showed that:With the increase of planting density,the SPAD,Pn,Tr,Gs,Fo/Fm,Fv/Fm,PIabs and seed cotton yield of machine picked cotton displayed the trend of"first rise then fall",while the Cishowed initially decreased and then increased trend.The SPAD,Pn,Tr,Gsand Fv/Fm of leaves were the highest in P4 treatment at full budding and full flowering stage.The SPAD,Pn,Tr and Gs of leaves were the highest in P3 treatment at full boll stage.The Fv/Fm was highest at P4 treatment.The Fo/Fm was highest in P3 treatment at full bud stage,and was highest in P4 treatment at full flowering and full boll stage.The PIabs sustained the highest in P3 treatment at full budding,full flowering and full boll stage.With the increase of planting density,the boll number per plant decreased significantly.The boll weight per plant and the yield of seed cotton presented a "first increase and then decrease"trend.The yield of seed cotton in P5 treatment was the highest and reached 6 272.79 kg/hm^(2),which was28.54%,18.61%,3.87%,2.95% and 12.78%higher than that of P1,P2,P3,P4 and P6 treatment respectively.There was no significant difference with P3 and P4 treatment(P>0.05).Considering the physiological indexes and yield,it was concluded that the planting density should be reduced appropriately,and the planting density should be controlled within the range from 150 000 to 180 000 plants/hm^(2).

关 键 词：密度 机采棉 光合特性 荧光参数 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]