植物塘-人工湿地复合系统基质与植物筛选及农田退水处理研究  

Screening of substrates and plant in macrophyte pond-constructed wetland complex system and treatment of farmland drainage

作　　者：董怡华 张盛宇[1] 陈峰 师晓春 DONG Yi-hua;ZHANG Sheng-yu;CHEN Feng;SHI Xiao-chun(School of Environment,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment,Ministry of Education,Shenyang 110044,China;Liaoning Ecological and Environmental Protection Science and Technology Center,Shenyang 110031,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学环境学院,沈阳110044 [2]沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室,沈阳110044 [3]辽宁省生态环境保护科技中心,沈阳110031

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第2期771-779,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金："十三五"国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07601-002)。

摘　　要：通过等温吸附试验研究4组不同组合基质对水中氨氮和磷素的吸附效果,考察模拟农田退水中植物的生长状况及对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(Ammonia)和总磷(TP)去除率,并从6种水生植物中选取适宜的栽种植物,进而构建植物塘-人工湿地复合系统,以处理模拟农田退水。结果表明,由Langmuir方程得到组合基质对氨氮的最大吸附量从大到小依次为M3、M1、M4、M2,对磷素的最大吸附量从大到小依次为M1、M3、M4、M2。选择M1为植物塘的最佳填充基质,M3为人工湿地的最佳填充基质。模拟农田退水中挺水植物和沉水植物生长状况迥异,4种挺水植物对氨氮和TP的去除效果差异显著,其中氨氮的去除率从大到小依次为菖蒲、千屈菜、泽泻、香蒲,TP的去除率从大到小依次为泽泻、千屈菜、菖蒲、香蒲;2种沉水植物中狐尾藻对COD、氨氮和TP的去除率均显著高于金鱼藻。选择狐尾藻为植物塘的栽种植物,"菖蒲+泽泻+千屈菜"为人工湿地的栽种植物。植物塘-人工湿地复合系统对COD去除率为96.05%~98.06%,氨氮去除率为98.07%~98.88%,TP去除率为95.14%~96.68%,去除效果均良好。Using fine sand,vesuvianite,coal cinder,ceramsite,zeolite,and vermiculite as raw materials,3 different types were configured with 4 groups of combined substrates in a mass ratio of2∶1∶1,named M1,M2,M3,and M4,respectively.Isothermal adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorption effect of the 4 groups of combined substrates on ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus.Measuring indexes consist of the growth status of plants and the removal rate COD,ammonia nitrogen,and TP in the simulated farmland drainage and the aquatic plants suitable for macrophyte pond and constructed wetland were selected from 6 aquatic plants:Typha orientalis,Acorus calamus,Lythrum salicaria,Alisma plantago-aquatica,Myriophyllum verticillatum and Ceratophyllum demersum.The complex system was constructed in series between macrophyte pond and constructed wetland,and it was used to treat the simulated farmland drainage.The results show that both the Freundlich equation and Langmuir equation are very suitable for describing the adsorption characteristics of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus isothermal for these combined substrates,and the Langmuir equation is better than the Freundlich equation.The ranking of the maximum ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity of the combined substrates predicted by the Langmuir equation is M3>M1>M4>M2,while that of phosphorus is M1>M3>M4>M2.Therefore,M1 is selected as the filling substrate of the macrophyte pond,and M3 is selected as the filling substrate of the constructed wetland.The ranking of the removal effect of 4 emergent aquatic plants on ammonia nitrogen is Acorus calamus>Lythrum salicaria>Alisma plantago-aquatica>Typha Orientalis,and that of the removal effect on TP is Alisma Plantago-Aquatica>Lythrum salicaria>Acorus calamus>Typha Orientalis.Therefore,Myriophyllum verticillatum is selected as the best plant in the macrophyte pond,and Alisma plantago-aquatica,Lythrum salicaria,and Acorus calamus are selected as the best plants in the constructed wetland.The removal rate of COD in macrophyte pon

关 键 词：环境工程学 植物塘 人工湿地 组合基质 水生植物 农田退水 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]