微纳铁尾矿砂吸隔声板的制备及其影响因素分析  

Preparation and influencing factors analysis of micro-nano iron tailing sand board for sound absorption and insulation

作　　者：李明俊[1] 石春华 LI Ming-jun;SHI Chun-hua(College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学环境与化学工程学院,南昌330063

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第2期787-793,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(11472125)。

摘　　要：为探究大量废弃铁尾矿砂再资源化新途径以解决当今环境污染这一重要问题,并获得隔声兼备吸声功能的新降噪材料,基于废弃铁尾矿砂的再资源化和声学材料的降噪理论,将铁尾矿砂粒径微纳米化,并以不同粒径的铁尾矿砂为基体材料,添加少量羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为黏结剂、SiO_(2)气凝胶为气孔改良剂及短玻璃纤维(GF)为增强剂等成功模压制备吸声和隔声兼备的微纳多孔吸隔声板。通过正交试验考察铁尾矿砂粒径、试样厚度、SiO_(2)气凝胶添加比例、CMC添加比例以及GF添加比例等对试样吸声和隔声的影响。结果表明,铁尾矿砂粒径为首要影响因素,微纳化可有效提高其隔声量和吸声系数。研究最佳制备条件为:铁尾矿砂粒径为200 nm,试样厚度为20mm,SiO_(2)气凝胶添加比例为12.5%,CMC为2.5%,GF为2%,该条件下试样孔隙率和体积密度分别为34.5%和1.02 g/cm^(3),最大吸声系数可达0.44,平均吸声系数为0.31,平均传声损失隔声量可达到34.1 dB(A)。微纳铁尾矿砂材料实现了隔声与吸声兼备的功能。Recycle abandoned iron tailing sands in large quantities is an important scientific issue in today’s environmental field. To explore a new approach to recycle abandoned iron tailing sands and obtain new noise reduction material( sound insulation materials with sound absorption)),in this study,the size of iron tailing sand was first micro-nanosized based on the recycling theory of abandoned iron tailing sand and the noise reduction theory of acoustic material. Then iron tailing sand with different particle sizes was used as the matrix material,a small amount of carboxymethyl cellulose( CMC) is used as the adhesive,SiO_(2) aerogel was used as the pore modification,and modified chopped glass fiber was added to enhance the strength of the material. A micro-nano porous board with both sound absorption and sound insulation was successfully prepared by molding method. The influence rules and extent of five factors( i. e.,the particle size of iron tailing sand,sample thickness,SiO_(2) aerogel addition ratio,CMC addition ratio,and GF addition ratio) on sound absorption and sound insulation of materials were studied and analyzed through orthogonal experiments. The experimental results show that the particle size of iron tailing sand is the most important influential factor of sound absorption and sound insulation board,and the micro-nanosized particles can effectively improve both its sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss. Based on the analysis of the orthogonal experiments,it can be concluded that the optimal preparation conditions in this experimental range are as follows: the particle size of iron tailing sand is 200 nm,sample thickness is 20 mm,SiO_(2) aerogel ratio is 12. 5%,CMC ratio is 2. 5%,and GF ratio is 2%. Besides,the porosity and bulk density of the sample are 34. 5% and 1. 02 g/cm^(3),respectively. The maximum sound absorption coefficient can reach 0. 44,the average sound absorption coefficient is 0. 31,and the average sound transmission loss can reach 34. 1 dB( A).The results indicate th

关 键 词：环境工程学 微纳化 铁尾矿砂 再资源化 吸声 隔声 

分 类 号：X756[环境科学与工程—环境工程]