雷州半岛南部玄武岩岩石物性与激发地震波属性关系研究  

Study on the relationship between the physical properties of basalt rocks and the properties of excited seismic waves in the southern Leizhou Peninsula

作　　者：张卫华[1] 马中高[1] 周枫[1] 陈胜红[1] 朱峰[2] 杨丽[1] 石一青[2] ZHANG WeiHua;MA ZhongGao;ZHOU Feng;CHEN ShengHong;ZHU Feng;YANG Li;SHI YiQing(Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute,Nanjing 211103,China;East China Branch of Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Geophysics Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210036,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院,南京211103 [2]中国石化石油工程地球物理有限公司华东分公司,南京210036

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2021年第2期706-715,共10页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：中国石油化工集团公司重大项目“特深层油气勘探开发工程关键技术与装备”(P17049)资助.

摘　　要：雷州半岛南部地区近地表火成岩发育、表层结构复杂、岩性横向变化大,激发接收条件变化剧烈,造成地震资料品质差.针对雷州半岛南部近地表玄武岩,本文通过岩心样品力学性质测试和岩石结构特征分析,获得了岩样抗压强度、波速、模量、弹性应变能特性以及在不同岩石微相激发的地震子波属性特征,研究了不同岩石微相的弹性模量、变形特征规律,建立了玄武岩岩石物性与地震激发子波属性的关系,提出一种选取最佳地震激发岩性的准则.地震数值模拟和实际资料对比表明,弹性应变能最大的溢流相中部亚相玄武岩具有最好的激发子波形态、激发能量中、频带宽是该地震地质条件下地震激发的最佳岩性;追踪最佳岩性激发的地震剖面连续性好、能量一致性更好,强反射层间的弱反射信号清楚,地震资料品质明显提高.In the southern part of Leizhou Peninsula,Because of complex near-surface structure system and rich igneous rocks,the lateral variation of lithology is large,and the excitation and reception conditions change dramatically,which result in poor quality of seismic data.The author completed a lot of testing on Basalt samples from near-surface of Leizhou Peninsula,including the mechanical properties test and the analysis of rock structure characteristics.The compressive strength,wave velocity,modulus,elastic strain energy characteristics of rock samples and the seismic wavelet attribute characteristics are obtained for study on elastic modulus deformation characteristics of different rock microfacies.Then,the relationship between the petrophysical properties of basalt and the properties of seismic excitation wavelet is established,and the optimal criteria for the maximum elastic strain energy of seismic excitation lithology are proposed.In the rock medium with high elastic strain energy density,the excitation energy propagates much father,and the seismic wave signal generated much stronger.The pores in the sub-facies basalt in the middle of the overflow phase are mainly spherical with uniform distribution,and they mainly show the characteristics of high elasticity and low plasticity in the stressstrain curve.The comparison between seismic numerical simulation and actual data shows that the explosion energy in this kind of structure and characteristic rock is basically transformed into acoustic emission energy when the explosion energy reach the maximum.The high density of elastic strain energy is beneficial to the excited seismic wavelet propagating in the far field and travel further.The best lithology of seismic excitation under the seismic geological conditions should has the best excitation wavelet form,appropriate excitation energy and wide frequency band.The seismic profile excited by the best lithology has better continuity and energy consistency,the weak reflection signal between strong reflection layers is cl

关 键 词：玄武岩 岩石物性 弹性应变能 地震激发岩性 地震属性 地震激发子波 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]