吊装孔螺栓-法兰-垫片结构的泄漏率预测及参数优化  

Leakage Rate Prediction of Bolt-Flange-Gasket Structure in Lifting Holes and Its Parameter Optimization

作　　者：田宇 黄晓明[1] 王瑞英 雷加静 史长青 许国良[1] TIAN Yu;HUANG Xiaoming;WANG Ruiying;LEI Jiajing;SHI Changqing;XU Guoliang(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China;China Ship Research and Design Institute,Wuhan Hubei 430064,China;State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Safety Monitoring Technology and Equipment,CGNPC,Shenzhen Guangdong 518172,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国舰船研究设计中心,湖北武汉430064 [3]中广核工程有限公司核电安全监控技术与装备国家重点实验室,广东深圳518172

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2021年第6期38-44,共7页Lubrication Engineering

摘　　要：吊装孔是船舶舱室等设备结构的重要贯穿件之一,也是主要的泄漏源之一,因此有必要开展吊装孔螺栓-法兰-垫片密封结构的泄漏率预测和控制开展研究。将接触界面视作复杂微孔结构,基于多孔介质渗流理论确定了接触界面微孔结构及其变形与气体输运之间的定量关系,构建接触密封泄漏率机制模型。该模型综合考虑微观接触界面流动分析与宏观结构力学分析,且不依赖于实验回归系数,对非标准法兰密封结构设计具有重要指导意义。结合三维有限元力学分析,采用所提出的模型对吊装孔螺栓-法兰-连接结构的泄漏率预测,并定量分析多种因素的影响,包括螺栓预紧力、法兰宽度、垫片厚度、螺栓个数、螺栓直径等。计算结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,单独增大预紧力、垫片厚度或螺栓个数,可以减小高介质压力下的泄漏率,而改变螺栓直径对泄漏率基本没有影响。以最小泄漏率为指标,采用正交试验法对吊装孔密封结构进行优化设计,计算得出最优方案下的泄漏率与最大泄漏率相比下降了37%。The lifting hole is one of the important perforations of ship cabin and one of the main leakage sources.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the research on the leakage rate prediction and control of bolt flange gasket sealing structure of lifting hole.The contact interface was considered as a complex microporous structure,based on the porous media seepage theory,the quantitative relationship between the contact interface microporous structure and its deformation and gas transport was defined,and the leakage rate mechanism model of contact seal was constructed.By combining the macroscopic mechanical analysis with the microscopic leakage mechanism analysis,this model is independent of the experimental regression coefficient,which has important guiding significance for the design of non-standard flange sealing structure.Combined with the three-dimensional finite element mechanical analysis,the model was applied to the prediction of the leakage rate of the bolt-flange-connection structure of the lifting hole,and the influence of various factors was quantitatively analyzed,including bolt preload,flange width,gasket thickness,bolt number,bolt diameter,etc.The results show that the leakage rate under high media pressure can be reduced by increasing the preloading force,the thickness of gasket or the number of bolts,while changing the diameter of bolts has no effect on the leakage rate.Taking the minimum leakage rate as the index,the orthogonal test method was used to optimize the design of the lifting hole seal structure.It is found that the leakage rate under the optimal scheme is decreased by 37%compared with the maximum leakage rate.

关 键 词：螺栓法兰密封 泄漏率 预测模型 渗流力学 优化设计 

分 类 号：TB42[一般工业技术]