晚霜对13个梨品种(系)幼果发育及果实品质的影响  

Effects of spring frost on young fruit development and fruit quality in 13pear varieties(strains)

作　　者：李莹 郭伟珍 秦素洁 杜婵媛 赵京献 LI Ying;GUO Weizhen;QIN Sujie;DU Chanyuan;ZHAO Jingxian(Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science,Shjiazhuang 050061,Hebei,China;Hebei Technical Innovation Center for ForestImproved Variety,Shjiazhuang 050061,Hebei,China;Hebei Economic Forest and Flower Center,Shijiazhuang 050081,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省林业和草原科学研究院,石家庄050061 [2]河北省林木良种技术创新中心,石家庄050061 [3]河北省经济林与花卉中心,石家庄050081

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第6期901-910,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划(19226319D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系水果创新团队(HBCT2018100202)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解不同梨品种(系)幼果抗晚霜的能力,为筛选抗晚霜优良品种(系)提供参考。【方法】于2020年4月22—23日霜冻发生后调查13个梨品种(系)的幼果受冻情况、花序和花朵坐果率以及霜冻对成熟果实外观和内在品质的影响。【结果】幼果在树冠上的位置越高,冻害指数越低,花序坐果率和花朵坐果率越高。受冻害较轻的幼果仍能正常生长发育,但部分果面受冻产生的斑点和裂纹会形成明显的霜斑和凹陷,影响果实外观;部分果实无种子,对单果质量、果实硬度及可溶性固形物含量影响不大。调查的13个品种(系)中,金光、SJ051105、美玉、黄冠、冠玉在1.5 m处幼果冻害指数低于51%,平均花序和花朵坐果率分别在81%和32%以上,一级以上果所占比例超过83%,能够满足生产需要。【结论】初步判断,金光、SJ051105、美玉、黄冠、冠玉等5个品种(系)的抗晚霜能力较强。【Objective】The large-scale frost damage in the north of China in spring has a great impact on apple,pear and other fruit production in China.Knowing the characteristics and occurrence of this hazard is important for measures to prevent it effectively.Breeding varieties with strong resistance to spring frost is the most effective way to deal with frost damage.Extreme frosts can be utilized to screen varieties(strains)resist to frost and evaluate the resistance of different pear varieties.【Methods】After the spring frost from April 22 to 23,2020,young fruits of different pear varieties were divided into four grades according to their damage degrees.The damage grades of young fruit at tree heights of 1.5 m,2.0 m and 2.5 m in 13 pear varieties(strains)were investigated and the freezing injury indexes were calculated.Two weeks later,the fruit set based on cluster and flower were investigated.After harvest,fruit were divided into four grades according to the degree of damage on fruit surface to investigate the effect of spring frost on fruit external appearance.The weight,hardness and soluble solid content of fruit were measured to investigate the effect of frost on edible quality.【Results】The lowest temperature on April 22 was-4.4℃,and the duration of sub-zero temperature reached 6.5 h;the lowest temperature on April 23 was-3.7℃,and the duration of sub-zero temperature reached 7.5 h.Symptoms of freezing damages on young pear fruit included whole fruit blacking,fruit wilting,development of blister-like white spots on fruit surface and cracks,and flesh and seed blacking or browning.There were significant differences in frost resistance of young pear fruit among different varieties.Fruit from higher tree canopy had a lower frost damage index.The freezing injury indexes of Jinguang,SJ051105,Huangguan,Meiyu and Guanyu were lower than that of the other varieties,and their freezing injury indexes at 1.5 m were 34.00%,45.67%,48.67%,50.33%and 50.67%,respectively.The young fruits of these five varieties had stron

关 键 词：梨 幼果 晚霜 抗性 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]