西北干旱区盛果期灰枣休眠期液流研究  

Stem flow of mature jujube trees during dormancy in arid area of northwest China

作　　者：张洋 马英杰[1] ZHANG Yang;MA Yingjie(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricutwral University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第6期934-946,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52069027);邓铭江院士工作站基金(2020.D-003);高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2017T004)。

摘　　要：【目的】采用微喷灌的灌溉方式,通过对20年生灰枣的茎流速率连续2 a的定点监测,测定灰枣在休眠期内的耗水量,为新疆盛果期枣园高效节水灌溉提供理论依据。【方法】利用针式茎流计对灰枣树茎流速率连续监测,研究休眠期枣树的茎流速率与气象因子的关联程度。【结果】20年生灰枣在休眠期的夜间有明显的液流活动,在50~490 m L·h^(-1)的范围波动。休眠期茎流速率的峰值区间随着休眠的各阶段的不同而发生变化,从休眠期C1、C2和C3阶段的07:00—10:00间到C4和C5阶段的10:00—13:00间,茎流速率的峰值存在明显的偏移。枣树茎流速率峰值大都在07:00—12:00间波动,休眠前期(C1)和打破休眠期(C5)较大,轻度休眠期(C3)最小。休眠期各阶段的日累积耗水量呈现出先减少后增加的变化趋势,与生育期相反。休眠期各阶段茎流速率与空气湿度的相关系数分别为RC1=0.770^(**)、RC2=0.818^(**)、RC3=0.660^(**)、RC4=0.549^(**)和RC5=0.769^(**)。利用多元线性回归对枣树茎流速率和气象因子进行输入回归,建立休眠期各阶段枣树茎流速率和气象因子的多元线性回归模型,经过回归系数和相关系数检验,多元线性回归方程均达到了显著水平。【结论】2018年和2019年盛果期灰枣在跨年休眠期内的耗水量占全年总耗水量的22.19%和23.31%。休眠期内对枣树茎流速率影响最显著的气象因子是空气湿度。【Objective】A jujube orchard about 6.67 hm2was selected in the South Industrial Park of Aksu,Xinjiang,for this study.The jujube trees were planted in 2000.Because the jujube trees in this area are mostly flood irrigated,a lot of water is lost due to evaporation and soil leakage.The evapotranspiration of jujube is mainly composed of transpiration and soil evaporation.In order to prevent the evaporation and soil leakage,micro sprinkler irrigation was used in this study.Through the fixed-point monitoring of stem flow rate of mature jujube trees for two consecutive years,the water consumption of mature jujube trees in the growth and dormancy period was accurately measured,which provided a theoretical basis for high-efficiency water-saving irrigation for mature jujube trees.【Methods】In this experiment,three healthy mature gray jujube trees with similar vigor were randomly selected in the orchard.The stem flow was monitored with thermal diffusion probe method.The probes of 3 tree species were located at the same height and the distance between two probes on each tree was the same.The heating probe was 40 cm from the ground,and the other probe 12 cm above the heating probe,which was fixed by foam board,wrapped with reflective and heat-insulating film,and the top of the probe was wrapped adhesive tape to protect the sensors from the downward water flow along the stem.The correlation between the stem flow rate and meteorological factors during the dormancy period was analyzed,and multiple linear regression models of stem flow rate against meteorological factors were established.【Results】Based on the analysis of stem flow,it was found that the sap flow still occurred in the dormancy period,and there were great differences in start-up time,maximum increase range,maximum decrease range,peak value and diurnal variation pattern of stem flow.The sap flow activity of mature jujube trees was obvious at night during dormancy period,which fluctuated in the range of 50-490 m L·h^(-1).The peak range of stem flow rate vari

关 键 词：灰枣 液流 休眠期 耗水量 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]