桂丰早龙眼开花习性和果实生长模型研究  

A study on the flowering characteristics and fruit growth models of Guifengzao longan

作　　者：彭杰椿 潘介春[1] 吴玉 何嘉楠 邓英毅[1] 徐炯志[1] 段承煜 刘一 PENG Jiechun;PAN Jiechun;WU Yu;HE Jianan;DENG Yingyi;XU Jiongzhi;DUAN Chengyu;LIU Yi(Collage of Agronomy,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第6期947-956,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系(CARS-33-10);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西荔枝龙眼创新团队(nycytxgxcxtd-02);广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA17204097-9,桂科AA17204097-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究龙眼新品系桂丰早在南宁产区的开花习性和果实生长数学模型,为制定高产优质栽培管理措施提供理论依据。【方法】通过系统研究桂丰早龙眼的开花习性、果实生长发育和主要品质指标的动态变化规律,选用4种理论生长方程对果实纵径、横径、果形指数、单果质量、果皮质量、果皮厚度、果核质量、果肉质量、可食率、可溶性固形物含量(TSS)10个指标进行拟合,以花后天数(x),各指标生长变化(y)构建非线性回归方程,以各指标增长速率(g)绘制导函数方程,确定果实生长和品质指标动态变化的最优数学模型。【结果】在南宁桂丰早的花期约为24 d,先开雄花,花后12 d雌花开放量达到最高峰,在雌花开花数量较多的花期开放的雄雌花比例为2∶1;各指标的最优拟合方程如下:果实纵径(y2)、单果质量(y4)、果肉质量(y8)、可食率(y9)和TSS(y10)为一元二次项方程(y2=-0.001 x^(2)+0.285 x+3.094、y4=-0.002 x^(2)+0.445 x-17.962、y8=-0.002 x^(2)+0.399 x-17.953、y9=-0.02 x^(2)+4.182 x-151.845和y10=-0.012 x^(2)+2.380 x-94.493);果实横径(y1)、果形指数(y3)和果皮厚度(y6)为一元三次项方程(y1=-2.405×10^(-5)x^(3)+0.003 x^(2)+0.146 x+2.067、y3=7.822×10^(-7)x^(3)-5.878×10^(-5)x^(2)-0.009 x+1.542和y6=6.551×10^(-7)x^(3)-0.019 x+1.610);果皮质量(y5)和果核质量(y7)为Logistic方程[(y5=2.75/(1+11.80 e^(-0.024)x)和y7=1.94/(1+1.70 e^(-0.031)x)];果实发育期间各指标的增长速率为:果实横径和果皮质量为逐渐递增到最高值后就逐渐递减;果形指数为逐渐递减到最低值后逐渐递增;果实纵径、单果质量、果核质量、果肉质量、可食率和TSS为逐渐递减;果皮厚度逐渐递增。相关和偏相关分析表明,除果皮厚度外,其余指标两两间大都呈显著或极显著相关。【结论】基于果实发育天数构建果实发育的曲线拟合方程和导函数能较好地反映桂丰早龙眼果实的生长发育�【Objective】To provide theoretical basis for formulating high-yield and high-quality cultivation and management measures,the flowering characteristics and fruit growth mathematical models of Guifengzao,a new line of longan were studied.Guifengzao was an excellent mutant strain with early maturity,high TSS,high edible rate and other excellent characteristics.The development patterns of reproductive organs were closely related to the yield formation.The dynamic models of fruit growth and development were established by using linear,quadratic,cubic and Logistic equations,which could be used as the evaluation and prediction method of important indicators such as fruit growth and yield.【Methods】From April 3 to 27,2019,the number of male and female flowers was counted every day.From April 27,2019[0 days after flowering(DAF)]to August 17,2019(110 DAF),the change patterns of fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters were traced using an electronic vernier caliper every 10days.From July 1,2019(64 DAF)to August 22,2019(116 DAF),the single fruit weight,peel weight,peel thickness,kernel weight,flesh weight,edible rate and soluble solids(TSS)were measured every 5 or 7 days.The weights of single fruit,peel and kernel were measured with an electronic scale.The peel thickness at fruit equator was obtained with an electronic vernier caliper.The flesh weight was calculated by subtracting peel and kernel weight from single fruit weight.The edible rate was the ratio of flesh weight to single fruit weight.Four equations were used to fit the above 10growth indexes,including transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,single fruit weight,peel weight,peel thickness,kernel weight,flesh weight,edible rate and TSS.The dynamic change pattern of fruit growth and development was established with the regressed equations of growth indexes against DAF and the derivative equation displayed change pattern of the growth rate(g).Meanwhile,the linear and partial correlation analyses were carried out among the 10 fruit growth

关 键 词：龙眼 桂丰早 开花习性 果实生长数学模型 

分 类 号：S667.2[农业科学—果树学]