桃园橘小实蝇种群结构与发生危害调查  

Population structure and occurrence of Bactrocera dorsalis in peach orchards

作　　者：郭晓军[1] 徐庆宣 王甦[1] 张帆[1] GUO Xiaojun;XU Qingxuan;WANG Su;ZHANG Fan(Institute of Plant and Environment Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijng 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第6期967-974,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-30-3-04);北方果树病虫害绿色防控北京市重点实验室项目。

摘　　要：【目的】橘小实蝇是一种危害严重的蛀果类害虫,近年来在我国桃园有加重发生危害的趋势。弄清我国不同桃产区橘小实蝇种群发生规律,为制定有效的预警和综合防控措施提供参考依据。【方法】从2012年至2019年,利用橘小实蝇性诱剂连续在我国主要桃产区的17个桃园开展了桃园橘小实蝇发生情况的监测和调查,并对不同产区桃园实蝇标本进行了形态学和分子生物学鉴定分析。【结果】通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定分析,明确了北京、石家庄、南京、武汉、成都的实蝇标本为橘小实蝇,且石家庄种群与其他4个种群的遗传距离差距较大;郑州的实蝇标本则为橘小实蝇和番石榴实蝇的混合种群。全国17个桃园监测结果显示,桃主产区几乎均有橘小实蝇危害。【结论】北方桃园2012年开始发现橘小实蝇危害,但发生时期和种群数量在各年份间有所差异,主要危害晚熟桃;南方桃园里橘小实蝇则是一种常发性害虫,对中晚熟桃的危害较大。【Objective】The oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is one kind of serious fruit-boring pests,which makes the damaged fruit yellow before ripening,causes the fruit to rot and drop,and seriously affects the yield and quality of fruit.In recent years,it has occurred in the peach orchards and has a tendency to be aggravated,but we still do not know its occurrence trend in peach orchards in various regions of China.In China,peach is the third largest deciduous fruit tree after apple and pear,and both the cultivation area and yield of peach in China rank the first in the world.The present experiment aimed to clarify the occurrence of B.dorsalis populations in different peach producing areas,and to provide a reference for formulating effective early warning and comprehensive prevention measures.It is of great significance to ensuring the quality-safety production of peach.【Methods】We selected 17 test sites in the main peach producing areas of China,which covered various types of peach production areas,such as Around Bohai sea(Dalian,Liaoning province;Changli,Hebei province;Qingdao,Shandong province),Northern area(Beijing;Shijiazhuang,Hebei province;Tai’an,Shandong province),Yellow River Basin(Zhengzhou,Hennan province;Xi’an,Shanxi province;Lanzhou,Gansu province),Yangtze River Basin(Nanjing,Jiangsu province;Hangzhou,Zhejiang province;Wuhan city,Hubei province),Southwest area(Chengdu,Sichuang province;Kunming,Yunnan province;Guizhou province)and Southern area(Fuzhou,Fujian province;Guilin,Guangxi province).From 2012 to 2019,the occurrence of B.dorsalis in peach orchards was continuously monitored and investigated by using sex attractant traps(17 test sites were uniformly supplied,and the traps were bought from the market).Five traps were hung in each peach orchard,and the distance between the traps was at least 20 m.After B.dorsalis was found,we investigated and recorded the number every 5-7 days.Then the samples were brought back to the laboratory for morphological and molecular identification,and

关 键 词：桃园 橘小食蝇 蛀果 综合防控 番石榴实蝇 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]