添加生物炭对猪粪好氧堆肥过程氮素转化与氨挥发的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Nitrogen Transformation and Ammonia Emissions during Pig Manure Composting

作　　者：李太魁[1,2,3] 王小非 郭战玲 张香凝[1,2,3] 寇长林 王彦江[4] LI Taikui;WANG Xiaofei;GUO Zhanling;ZHANG Xiangning;KOU Changlin;WANG Yanjiang(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China,Yuanyang 453500,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Lushi Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Sanmenxia 472200,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]农业部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,河南原阳453500 [3]河南省农业生态环境重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [4]卢氏县农业农村局,河南三门峡472200

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2021年第4期874-879,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0801403;2017YFD0800603)。

摘　　要：为了减少好氧堆肥过程中氮素的损失,研究添加生物炭对猪粪好氧堆肥过程中氮素转化和损失的影响。设置不加生物炭对照(S1)以及猪粪秸秆中添加5%(S2)、10%(S3)、15%(S4)生物炭4个处理,监测堆肥过程中堆肥温度、氮素形态及氨挥发速率等的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,添加生物炭能够提高堆肥温度,提前2—3 d进入高温期,缩短堆肥周期,提高堆肥品质。生物炭显著增加猪粪堆肥NO_(3)^(−)-N的含量,降低了NH_(4)^(+)-N的含量,有利于NH_(4)^(+)-N向NO_(3)^(−)-N转化;堆肥结束时,处理S2、S3和S4的NO_(3)^(−)-N含量分别比对照提高了39.64%、46.68%和28.84%;添加生物炭明显降低了堆肥在高温期的氨挥发速率,且氨挥发累积排放量分别比对照降低了18.77%、25.35%和26.39%。与堆肥前相比,S1—S4总氮的增加率分别为9.7%、27.5%、28.6%和26.2%,添加10%生物炭的处理固氮效果最好。以上结果说明,猪粪堆肥过程添加生物炭更易促进堆肥腐熟、抑制氨气挥发和减少氮素损失,通过合理物料配比的好氧堆肥可以更有效地实现农业秸秆及猪粪的优质资源化利用。A composting experiment was conducted,in which pig manure and wheat straw were used as composting materials and wheat straw biochar was added before composting,to study the effects of biochar on nitrogen transformation and ammonia emissions during composting.This experiment was composed of 4 treatments:Without biochar addition,named as S1,and with 3 different levels of biochar addition,the addition amount was 5%,10%,15%of the composting dry basis given in S1 treatment,named as S2,S3 and S4,respectively.The dynamics of temperature,the content of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(−)-N,and the rate of NH_(3) volatilization were observed during the process of composting.The results showed that the temperature of composts with biochar could increase the composting temperature,reached the thermophilic stage 2‒3 days ahead,the period maturation was shortened,and the compost quality was improved.Adding biochar also promoted transformation of NH_(4)^(+)-N to NO_(3)^(−)-N at the late stage and improved the content of NO_(3)^(−)-N.At the end of composting,NO_(3)^(−)-N content in the 3 treatments with biochar were increased 39.64%,46.68%and 28.84%compared to S1,respectively;The rate of NH_(3) volatilization was significantly lower than that of S1 treatment,and the NH_(3) emissions was lower by 18.77%,25.35%and 26.39%compared to S1,respectively.At the end of composting,total nitrogen content in the 4 treatments increased 9.7%,27.5%,28.6%and 26.2%than the initial value.Therefore,pig manure and wheat straw with 10%straw biochar had greater positive effects on nitrogen conservation than other conditions.Adding wheat biochar in pig manure could speed up the composting process;reduce NH_(3) emission and nitrogen loss.An effective and high-quality resource utilization of agricultural straw and pig manure was established through the aerobic composting with reasonable material mixture proportion.

关 键 词：生物炭 猪粪 堆肥 氨挥发 氮素损失 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]