多向锻造对8418钢组织和力学性能的影响  

The Effect of Multi-directional Forging on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of 8418 Steel

作　　者：姜文鑫 梁航 杨海波[1,3,4] 马学文 李书志[3] 孙学文 王平飞 Jiang Wenxin;Liang Hang;Yang Haibo;Ma Xuewen;Li Shuzhi;Sun Xuewen;Wang Pingfei(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Guangdong Strong Metal Technology Co.,Ltd.,Foshan,Guangdong 528313,China;Dongguan Institute of Materials and Genes Advanced Institute of Technology,Dongguan,Guangdong 523808,China;Key Laboratory of the Interaction of Fluids and Materials,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 [2]广东世创金属科技股份有限公司,广东佛山528313 [3]东莞材料基因高等理工研究院,广东东莞523808 [4]流体与材料相互作用教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2021年第5期6-9,共4页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目(编号:2020B010184001);广东省引进创新创业团队项目(编号:2016ZT06G025);广东省自然科学基金项目(编号:2017B030306014)。

摘　　要：高品质模具钢的研发对提升我国制造业水平具有重要意义。为了解决市面上国产8418钢材料存在退火组织均匀性和等向性差以及模具的热疲劳寿命短等关键技术难题,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和冲击试验机研究不同变形量在多向锻造中对8418钢材料的退火态组织和冲击性能的影响。结果表明,变形量越大,退火态低倍组织带状偏析改善越明显,小变形量带状偏析为2级,大变形量为1级,C、Cr、Mo和V主要元素的黑白不同区域的元素比值分别由1.33、1.14、1.11、2.57降为1.10、1.02、1.04、1.27。高倍组织球状珠光体根据NADCA#207-2003标准,分别为AS7和AS2等级。变形量越大,材料的力学性能越高,大锻比横向冲击与纵向冲击分别为285.3 J和308.6 J,较小变形横向冲击提高31%左右,纵向冲击提高23%左右,回火过程中大变形的硬度较小变形普遍高0.4 HRC以上。组织的改善和力学性能的提高对材料在服役过程的寿命具有重要意义。The research and development of high-quality die steel is of great significance to improving the level of my country′s manufacturing industry.In order to solve the key technical problems of domestic 8418 steel materials on the market,such as poor annealing structure uniformity and isotropy,and short thermal fatigue life of the mold,the metallurgical microscope,scanning electron microscope and impact testing machine were used to study the effect of different deformations in multi-directional forging.The results show that the greater the deformation,the more obvious the improvement of band segregation in the annealed state,the band segregation of small deformation is level 2,and the deformation is level 1,the element ratios of the main elements of C,Cr,Mo and V in different black and white areas decreased from 1.33,1.14,1.11,2.57 to 1.10,1.02,1.04,and 1.27 respectively.High magnification spherical pearlite according to the NADCA#207-2003 standard is respectively AS7 and AS2 grades.The greater the amount of deformation,the higher the mechanical properties of the material.The large forging ratio is 285.3 J and 308.6 J,respectively.Lateral impact and longitudinal impact are increased by about 31%for small deformation,and longitudinal impact is increased by about 23%.Large deformation during tempering,its hardness is small and its deformation is generally higher than 0.4 HRC.The improvement of organization and the improvement of mechanical properties are of great significance to the life of materials in the service process.

关 键 词：8418模具钢 多向锻造 锻造比 金相组织 冲击韧性 

分 类 号：TG142.45[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]