气吹式垄台秸秆根茬处理机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of air-sweeping type straw stubble processor

作　　者：李向军[1] 张成亮[1] 赵大勇[1] 吴家安[1] 李庆达[2] 周福君[3] Li Xiangjun;Zhang Chengliang;Zhao Dayong;Wu Jiaan;Li Qingda;Zhou Fujun(Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin,150029,China;Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,163000,China;Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,150030,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市农业科学院,哈尔滨市150029 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163000 [3]东北农业大学,哈尔滨市150030

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2021年第5期13-18,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(YQ2019E032);国家“十三五”重点研发项目(2016YFD0701905)。

摘　　要：针对目前玉米秸秆在全量还田情况下,由于种带的秸秆和根茬不处理或处理不够充分,导致后期播种质量差影响出苗率的问题,设计一种基于灭茬少耕技术的气吹式垄台秸秆处理机。该机利用风机气吹装置将垄台秸秆分流到垄沟位置,利用灭茬装置对垄台剩余根茬进行粉碎,在培土装置的作用下,土壤和粉碎后的根茬充分混合并回落到垄台位置。通过正交试验,选取风机压力、风机流量、刀轴转速为影响因素,以垄台秸秆覆盖率和根茬粉碎率为评价指标,利用Design-Expert数据分析软件对风机和灭茬装置进行优化设计,通过田间试验表明:当风机压力2250 Pa、风机流量4.5 m^(3)/s、刀轴转速295 r/min时,得到最佳工作参数组合,此时垄台秸秆覆盖率为3.75%,根茬粉碎率为86.45%,满足播种要求。In order to solve the problem of poor sowing quality and seedling emergence rate in the late stage of maize straw returning to the field,the straw and stubble in the seed belt are not treated or not fully treated,so a kind of air blowing ridge platform straw processor based on stubble elimination and less tillage technology is designed.The machine uses the fan air blowing device to separate the straw from the ridge platform to the ridge position,and uses the stubble removal device to crush the remaining stubble on the ridge platform.Under the action of the soil cultivation device,the soil and the crushed stubble are fully mixed and fall back to the ridge position.Through orthogonal test,the fan pressure,fan flow,cutter shaft speed were selected as the influencing factors,and the straw coverage rate and stubble crushing rate of ridge platform were taken as evaluation indexes.The design expert data analysis software was used to optimize the design of the fan and stubble removal device.The field test showed that when the fan pressure was 2250 Pa,fan flow was 45 m^(3)/s,cutter shaft speed was 295 r/min,at this time,the straw coverage rate of ridge and platform was 3.75%,and the smashing rate of stubble was 86.45%,which met the sowing requirements.

关 键 词：气吹式 秸秆覆盖 根茬处理 保护性耕作 正交试验 回归分析 

分 类 号：S222.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]