河流类型划分及其水生态环境治理技术路线图  

Classification for River Types and Technical Roadmap for Water Ecological Environment Treatment

作　　者：胡官正 曾维华[1] 马冰然 宋永会[2] HU Guanzheng;ZENG Weihua;MA Bingran;SONG Yonghui(School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《人民黄河》2021年第6期98-105,111,共9页Yellow River

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07111003,2017ZX07401004)。

摘　　要：我国不同层级流域水污染态势呈现南北、东西、上下游时空差异性,为加强流域水系统差异化、精细化规划与管制,解决水污染治理与生态修复技术选择缺乏针对性与适用性的问题,提高时序安排的科学性,弥补河流综合分类及污染治理与生态修复技术路线图研究的不足,建立了河流类型划分及其水生态环境治理技术路线图设计方法。以湟水流域小峡桥断面上游及其各支流为例,以水资源、水环境、水生态、社会经济与人口构建分类指标体系,以聚类分析将河段单元划分为水源保护与生态保育区、农田面源污染控制与水土保持区、工业点源污染控制与河道生态修复区、畜禽养殖污染控制区、城市CSO管制与河道黑臭水体修复区,基于"决策树"判别,从需求性分析与可靠性分析两方面出发,绘制各河段水生态环境治理技术路线图,并指出各类技术适宜的引进与应用时段。The situation of water pollution in different levels of river basins/regions in China is different in time and space from north to south,east to west,upstream and downstream.In order to find out effective measures to further implement the"the 13 th Five-Year Plan"and"Ten Rules of Water",strengthen the fine planning and management of watershed water system differentiation and settle the problem of deficiencies in comprehensive river classification and watershed pollution control,the methods for classifying river types and the design of technical roadmaps for water ecological environment treatment were established.The upstream of Xiaoxia Bridge section in Huangshui River Basin was chosen as an example.According to the indicators of social economy and population,water resources,water environment and water ecology,the sub-units of the national control units were divided into water source protection and ecological conservation area,farmland non-point source pollution control and soil and water conservation area,industrial point source pollution control and river ecological restoration area,livestock and poultry odor pollution control and harmless disposal of manure water area,urban CSO control and black-odor urban river restoration area by cluster analysis classification.Based on the"decision tree"discrimination,considering the analysis of demand and reliability,the technical roadmap of water ecological environment treatment for various rivers was designed,and the appropriate introduction and application period of various technologies were pointed out.

关 键 词：河流分类 污染物特征解析 水污染治理 生态修复 技术路线图 湟水流域 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]