沙金矿采矿迹地土壤基质改良剂效果评价  

Effect Evaluation of Soil Conditioner in the Alluvial Gold Deposit

作　　者：刘延滨 崔崧 王承义 孙国芝 Liu Yanbin;Cui Song;Wang Chengyi;Sun Guozhi(Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学研究所,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《中国林副特产》2021年第3期21-24,共4页Forest By-product and Speciality in China

摘　　要：土壤的改良是采矿迹地生态恢复的前提和基础,同时也是生态恢复的关键。土壤改良剂对于土壤的理化性质能显著改善和提高土壤的养分,同时对土壤微生物产生积极的影响,从而显著提升退化土壤的生态功能。本研究分别使用食用菌废料、保水剂和粉煤灰三种土壤改良剂进行沙金矿采矿迹地的基质改良。结果表明:食用菌废料、保水剂和粉煤灰对于土壤基质改良具有比较显著的效果,三种改良剂能显著提高了土壤的含水率,增强了土壤蓄水保墒的能力,显著提高了土壤的肥力;施入食用菌废料的植株保存率明显高于其他各个处理,生长旺盛,植株高度和冠幅优于其他处理。通过连续的调查发现使用单独的土壤改良剂具有一定的局限性,需要不同的改良剂发挥协同作用,这需要进一步的研究。总之,土壤改良剂的使用是快速提升退化土壤生产力的有效措施,迅速改善土壤的理化性质和增加稳定性,提高土壤肥力,加速植被恢复的进程,尽快恢复采矿迹地的生态功能。Soil amelioration is the precondition and the foundation of ecological restoration in the mined-land,and the key to ecological restoration.Soil conditioner can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and soil nutrient status,and exert positive influence on soil microorganism,thus increasing ecological function of degraded soil.In this study,coal fly ash,water-retaining agent and mushroom residue were used to ameliorate the soil condition of the alluvial gold deposit.The results showed that mushroom residue,water-retaining agent and coal fly ash had significant effects on soil condition:three kinds of soil conditioner could significantly improve soil water content and enhance soil moisture retention ability,and increase soil fertility significantly;The plant survival rate of applying mushroom residue was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and the plant height and crown width were better than those of other treatments.Through continuous investigation,it is found that the use of single soil conditioner has certain limitations,and different conditioner can play the synergistic effect,which is the direction of future research.In a word,the use of soil conditioner is an effective measure to improve soil condition rapidly,which can rapidly improve the physical and chemical properties and stability of soil,enhance soil fertility,accelerate the process of vegetation restoration,and restore the ecological function of the mining site as soon as possible.

关 键 词：采矿迹地 沙金矿 土壤基质改良剂 植被恢复 生态恢复 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]