再论社会主义与农民阶级解放--写在中国实现全面脱贫和太平天国金田起义170周年之际  

Reanalyze Socialism and Peasantry Liberation:An Essay Written during China’s Poverty Eradication and the 170th Anniversary of Jintian Uprising of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

作　　者：叶书宗[1] 叶天楠 YE Shuzong;YE Tiannan(School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234;College of Liberal Arts,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234 [2]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2021年第3期75-86,共12页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：中国农民阶级反对封建剥削、压迫的斗争已有两千多年历史了,但是农民阶级的解放则是马克思、恩格斯在资本主义全球市场化时代提出的社会性命题。太平天国颁布的《天朝田亩制度》虽然代表了农民的要求,但是其既跨越不过封建制度的门槛,又被农民作为小私有者的阶级本能所拒纳。20世纪社会主义国家推行的农业集体化,虽然使农民阶级在政治上摆脱了压迫,但是其经济生活仍旧贫困。中国改革开放,破除了市场经济等同于资本主义的魔咒,开辟了农民阶级通过市场经济解放的康庄大道。改革开放以来,虽然一部分农民先富起来了,但是,实现全面脱贫的任务仍然非常艰巨。党的十八大以来,以习近平为核心的党中央把脱贫攻坚摆在特别突出的位置,推出一系列创造性举措,终于在2020年底之前,实现了现行标准下近1亿农村贫困人口全部脱贫。这是农民阶级解放的一个重要节点。实现全面脱贫是党中央将马克思主义基本原理运用于中国新时期社会主义建设实际的伟大创造,更是对中国共产党成立一百周年的厚重献礼。There are more than 2000 years of history that the Chinese peasantry fought against feudal exploitation and oppression,but the liberation of peasantry is a social theme proposed by Marx and Engels during the age of global marketization of capitalism.Heavenly Land System announced by Taiping Heavenly Kingdom represented the demand of peasants,but it failed to jump over the threshold of feudal system and was rejected by them out of class instinct as small private owners.During the 1900s,the collectivization of agriculture popular in socialist countries emancipated the peasantry from political oppression but their economic life remained poor.The reform and opening-up in China broke the spell that market economy was equal to capitalism and blazed the broad road for their liberation by market economy,and then some peasants became rich first,but poverty eradication still remained very difficult.Since the 18th National Congress of CPC,the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping as the core had made poverty alleviation at top priority and taken a series of innovative measures to lift nearly 0.1 billion impoverished rural residents living under the current poverty line out of poverty at the end of 2020.This is an important turning point of the liberation of peasantry.Poverty eradication is not only a great innovation of the Central Committee of CPC to put the basic tenets of Marxism into the practice of building socialism during the new period of China but also a precious gift to the centenary of CPC.

关 键 词：农民阶级解放 天朝田亩制度 社会主义市场经济 脱贫攻坚 

分 类 号：D420[政治法律—政治学]