放养密度对温棚养殖罗氏沼虾生长、生化指标、水质及养殖效益的影响  

Effects of stocking density on growth performance,biochemical indices,water quality and economic benefits of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a greenhouse

作　　者：倪蒙[1] 陈雪峰[1] 高强[1] 程海华 华建权[2] 戎华南[2] 周志明[1] 原居林[1] NI Meng;CHEN Xuefeng;GAO Qiang;CHENG Haihua;HUA Jianquan;RONG Huanan;ZHOU Zhiming;YUAN Julin(Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China;Cixi Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Cixi 315300, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省淡水水产研究所农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室,浙江湖州313001 [2]慈溪市水产技术推广中心,浙江慈溪315300

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2021年第3期423-429,共7页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2019C02047);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900302)。

摘　　要：为探讨温棚养殖模式下罗氏沼虾Macrobrachium rosenbergii不同放养密度池塘的水质及罗氏沼虾生长性能和血液生理生化指标变化,确定最适放养密度,将暂养后规格为(0.61±0.05)g的罗氏沼虾“南太湖2号”苗种随机分配到3个不同放养密度的池塘,分别为低密度组(LSD,37.5 ind./m2)、中密度组(MSD,45.0 ind./m2)和高密度组(HSD,60.0 ind./m2),每组设置3个平行,养殖时间为60 d,试验结束后测定池塘水质指标(总氮、总磷、氨氮、亚硝态氮、CODMn),以及罗氏沼虾生长性能、生化指标(血糖、白蛋白、总蛋白、球蛋白、总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酸激酶、甘油三酯)。结果表明:试验末期(60 d),HSD组池塘水中的氨氮和亚硝态氮含量显著高于LSD和MSD组(P<0.05);HSD组罗氏沼虾的存活率、终末体质量、终末体长、头胸甲长、特定生长率均显著低于LSD和MSD组(P<0.05),而饵料系数则显著高于LSD和MSD组(P<0.05),但LSD和MSD组各项指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05);MSD和HSD组虾的最终产量显著高于LSD组(P<0.05),且MSD组产值和利润最高;HSD组罗氏沼虾的血糖和谷丙转氨酶含量显著高于LSD和MSD组(P<0.05),总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著低于LSD和MSD组(P<0.05)。研究表明,综合考虑池塘水质,以及罗氏沼虾生长性能、血液生化指标和经济效益,最终确定温棚养殖罗氏沼虾最适放养密度为45.0 ind./m2。To probe into the effects of different stocking densities on the water quality,growth and blood biochemical indices of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii“Taihu No 2”and evaluate the optimal stocking density,giant freshwater prawn with an initial body mass of(0.61±0.05)g were randomly reared in nine 2000 m2 plastic ponds in a greenhouse at three stocking densities:low density(LSD,37.5 ind./m2),middle density(MSD,45.0 ind./m2)and high density(HSD,60.0 ind./m2)with triplication for 60 days.It was found that there were significantly higher ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen levels in HSD group than those in LSD and MSD groups at the end of the experiment(P<0.05).There were significantly lower survival rate,final body mass,final body length,length of carapace and specific growth rate in HSD group than those in LSD and MSD groups(P<0.05).However,food conversion ratio was found to be significantly higher in HSD group than those in LSD and MSD groups(P<0.05),without significant difference between LSD group and MSD group(P>0.05).The yield was shown to be increased with the increase in stocking density,significantly higher in MSD and HSD groups than that in LSD group(P<0.05),and the maximal output and profit were observed in MSD group.The giant freshwater prawn in HSD group had significantly higher blood glucose level and alanine transaminase activity than those in LSD and MSD groups did(P<0.05),with significantly lower total protein and globulin levels in HSD group than those in LSD and MSD groups(P<0.05).The findings indicated that stocking density of 45.0 ind./m2 was of the appropriate giant freshwater prawn culture in the greenhouse.

关 键 词：罗氏沼虾 密度 温棚 水质 生长 血液生化 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]