鱼类抗病育种研究进展  

Progress on breeding of disease-resistant fishes:a review

作　　者：周欣 高风英[1] 卢迈新[1] ZHOU Xin;GAO Fengying;LU Maixin(Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China;College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2021年第3期510-523,共14页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-46);国家重点研究发展计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目(2018YFD0900300)。

摘　　要：随着水产养殖模式从粗放型转变为集约型,鱼类病害问题日益突出,培育优良的抗病品种可以有效解决和减少病害问题。本文主要综述了近年来鱼类抗病育种工作,包括家系与群体选育、分子标记辅助选育、全基因组选育及MHC基因多态性与抗病相关性的研究进展,家系与群体选育作为选择育种的重要手段之一,已经广泛应用于多种鱼类的抗病育种工作中,分子标记辅助选育和全基因组选育等手段的提出推动了水产领域抗病育种研究的进步,而与抗病表型相关联的鱼类MHC基因的高度多态性,使其在作为抗病育种分子标记候选基因方面备受关注。同时指出了抗病育种研究中存在的问题和不足,并对未来鱼类抗病育种的前景进行了展望,旨在为鱼类的绿色健康养殖提供参考。Cultivating excellent disease-resistant fish varieties can effectively solve and reduce more and more serious disease problems with the transformation of aquaculture mode from extensive to intensive.The development of fish disease-resistant breeding is primarily summarized,including the research progress of family and population breeding,molecular marker-assisted breeding,genomic selection and major histocompatibilty complex(MHC)gene polymorphism and disease resistance.Family and population breeding,one of the important means of selective breeding,has been widely used in a variety of fish disease-resistant breeding research.The introduction of molecular marker-assisted breeding and genomic selection has also promoted the progress of disease-resistant breeding in the aquaculture industry.In addition,the high polymorphism of the fish MHC gene associated with disease-resistant phenotype has made it a candidate for disease-resistant breeding molecule markers.The problems and shortcomings in the breeding of disease-resistant fish and the prospect of disease-resistant breeding of fish are discussed in the future,aiming to provide reference with the green and healthy development of the aquaculture industry.

关 键 词：家系及群体选育 标记辅助选育 全基因组选择 MHC基因 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]