单烷基次膦酸盐/聚氨酯阻燃复合材料  

Flame Retardant Polyurethane Composites Based on Salt of Monoalkyl Phosphinic Acid

作　　者：李鑫[1] 胡权[1] 王金露 刘继延[1] 刘学清[1] LI Xin;HU Quan;WANG Jin-lu;LIU Ji-yan;LIU Xue-qing(Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices(Ministry of Education),School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学光电化学材料与器件教育部重点实验室,化学与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430056

出　　处：《塑料工业》2021年第5期82-86,共5页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019ZYYD005);湖北省教育厅团队创新项目(T201935);武汉市科技攻关项目(2018010401011279);海军工程大学国防科技重点实验室基金:项目(6142204200608)。

摘　　要：以一种高磷含量的单烷基次膦酸盐-甲基次膦酸铝(AlMeP)为阻燃剂,添加到聚氨酯弹性体(PU)中,得到AlMeP/PU阻燃复合材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)和微型量热分析(MCC)研究了AlMeP含量对复合材料阻燃性能的影响。示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联合分析了复合材料的热稳定性及热降解行为。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)研究了燃烧后的炭层形貌及元素分布,探讨阻燃机理。结果表明,当AlMeP含量为20%时,复合材料AlMeP/PU-20的LOI达到25.8%,垂直燃烧等级达到了UL94 V-0级别,且滴落现象能够完全抑制。AlMeP/PU-20的总热释放量相对于纯PU降低了32.5%。气相和残炭成分分析结果表明AlMeP通过凝聚相和气相协同发挥阻燃作用。The high phosphorus content of salt of monoalkyl phosphinic acid-aluminum methylphosphinate(AlMeP)as flame retardant was combined with polyurethane(PU)to obtain AlMeP/PU flame-retardant composite.The effects of AlMeP contents on flame-retardant performance of PU composites were studied by limited oxygen index(LOI),vertical combustion(UL94)and microcombustion calorimeter(MCC).The thermal stability and thermal degradation behavior of PU composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and thermogravimetric analysis combining with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(TG-FTIR).The carbon layer shape and element analysis after combustion were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS).The results show when the AlMeP content is 20%,the composite AlMeP/PU-20 could achieve UL 94 V-0 rating,the LOI reaches 28.8%and no dropping occurred during burning.The total heat release of AlMeP/PU-20 is reduced by 32.5%in comparison to pure PU.The FTIR results of substance in gas phase and residues and the SEM-EDS analysis on the char layer demonstrate that AlMeP acts in both phase and condensed phase.

关 键 词：烷基次膦酸金属盐 聚氨酯 抗滴落性 阻燃性能 复合材料 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]