编造、传播虚假疫情信息行为的刑法适用  

The Application of Criminal Law for Fabricating andDisseminating False Epidemic Information

作　　者：陈伟[1] 赵佳慧 CHEN Wei;ZHAO Jiahui(Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing,China,401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期58-66,121,共10页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2020年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究重点课题“疫情防控背景下的司法政策研究”(GJ2020B01);2021年度西南政法大学法学院学生科研创新项目“疫情背景下编造、传播虚假信息的刑法规制”(FXY2021070)。

摘　　要：当前,编造、传播虚假疫情信息行为的刑法规制出现了罪名适用混乱的情形,需要深入分析其中的原因,以此有效解决罪名适用混乱的状况。从实践来看,“双层社会”的新型背景扩充了社会秩序内涵,司法解释的扩张趋势模糊了虚假疫情信息的界定,“虚假”认定标准与言论自由的界限未能较好确定。本文认为解决编造、传播虚假疫情信息行为的刑法适用问题,应当坚持法益导向,对此类行为的危害特质进行精准把握,基于现有规范对公共秩序考量,并且实质理解“虚假疫情信息”的内涵,防范类推风险与随意扩张。另外,根据比例原则对此类行为进行合理判定,依据适当性原则确定虚假性标准,遵循必要性原则进行刑事责任与行政处罚的划分,从而保证编造、传播虚假信息行为性质的规范认定。The criminal law system for fabricating and disseminating false information about the epidemic has been confusing in the application of charges,and the reasons should be thoroughly analyzed and this phenomenon should be effectively resolved.From a practical point of view,the new“two-tier society”has expanded the connotation of social order,the expansion of judicial interpretation has blurred the definition of false epidemic information,and the boundary between“false”identification standards and freedom of speech has not been well established.In order to solve the problems in practical application,it is necessary to adhere to the legal interest orientation,accurately grasp the harmful characteristics of such behaviors,consider public order based on existing regulations,and substantively understand the connotation of“false epidemic information”to prevent analogous risks and randomness expansion;in addition,such behaviors should be reasonably judged based on the principle of proportionality,the standard of falsehood should be determined based on the principle of suitability,and criminal responsibility and administrative punishment should be divided according to the principle of necessity,so as to ensure the normative determination of the nature of the fabricating and disseminating false information.

关 键 词：虚假疫情信息 虚假信息 虚假恐怖信息 罪名适用 

分 类 号：DF613[政治法律—刑法学]