煤岩重金属浸出特性及其水环境健康风险评价  

Leaching characteristics of heavy metals in coal rock and itswater environmental health risk assessment

作　　者：吴超君 郝喆 曹明杰 邓焱 许春东 WU Chaojun;HAO Zhe;CAO Mingjie;DENG Yan;XU Chundong(College of Environmental Sciences,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;Liaoning Non-ferrous Geological Exploration and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110013,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学环境学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [2]辽宁有色勘察研究院有限责任公司,辽宁沈阳110013

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2021年第3期31-38,共8页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20180550192);辽宁省科技计划项目(2019JH8/10300107);辽宁省百千万人才资助项目(辽百千万立项[2015]33号)辽宁省科技计划项目(2020JH2/10300100)。

摘　　要：以抚顺西露天矿煤岩为研究对象,分析了液固比、pH、温度和浸出时间对As、Cr、Cu、Hg、Zn等重金属浸出的影响,预测了矿物浸出的重金属元素对地表水的污染程度,评价了对重金属浸出液的水环境健康风险。结果表明:在单因素试验条件下,浸出量与液固比呈正比,Cu和Hg在液固比为10 mL/g时可达最大浸出值;pH呈弱酸及中性时,四种煤岩样品中的主要重金属元素更易浸出;温度在20~35℃时,重金属元素的浸出浓度最大;重金属的浸出量与浸出时间呈正比,当浸出时间达到24 h后,再延长浸出时间,其浓度增长幅度不大;As和Cr为化学致癌物,Cu、Hg和Zn为化学非致癌物,化学致癌物对人体健康危害的个人年风险是非致癌物质的105倍;研究区中对人体有健康危害的有毒污染物以化学致癌物为主,化学致癌物应为优先控制物;As、Cu是研究区内的主要重金属污染物,应作为重点监测对象。Taking the coal rock of Fushun West Open-pit Mine as the research object,the effects of liquid-solid ratio,pH,temperature and leaching time on the leaching of As,Cr,Cu,Hg and Zn were analyzed.The pollution degrees of heavy metals leaching from minerals to surface water were predicted.The water environmental health risk of heavy metals leaching solution was evaluated.The results showed that the leaching amount was proportional to the liquid-solid ratio in single factor tests.When the liquid-solid ratio was 10 mL/g,the leaching amount of Cu and Hg both reached the maximum.The main heavy metals in the four coal rock samples were easier to leach in weak acid and neutral conditions.When the temperature was 20~35℃,the leaching concentrations of heavy metals were the highest.The leaching amounts of heavy metals were proportional to the leaching time.When the leaching time reached 24 h,the leaching concentrations increased little with leaching time.As and Cr were chemical carcinogens,and Cu,Hg and Zn were non-carcinogens.The personal annual risk of chemical carcinogens to human health was 105 times that of non-carcinogens.Chemical carcinogens were the main toxic pollutants which were harmful to human health in the study areas.Therefore,chemical carcinogens should be the priority control substances.The main heavy metal pollutants in the study areas were As and Cu,which should be taken as the key monitoring objects.

关 键 词：煤岩 浸出 重金属 水环境 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]