人类胚胎干细胞分化与功能研究进展  

Research progress on the differentiation and function of human embryonic stem cells

作　　者：董毅 董一港 DONG Yi;DONG Yigang(Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessmentand Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;College of Physical Education&Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2021年第3期1-14,共14页Journal of Biology

基　　金：上海市体育科技项目(21C009);国家自然科学基金项目(81371466)。

摘　　要：人类胚胎干细胞系(hESC)来源于着床前的人类体外受精(IVF)胚胎,它的可塑性以及能够无限自我更新的能力允许其在体外产生无限数量的不同类型细胞,从而为基础研究和再生医学开辟新的途径。目前为止,已经可以使用多种方法建立和扩大hESC,并使其分化为特定的细胞以发挥功能。系统介绍人类胚胎干细胞分离、培养及分化为特定细胞系的各种策略,并从单细胞、突触传递以及神经回路等层面着重概述hESC诱导分化的神经细胞在体外研究中的功能;分析讨论hESC所面临的问题及其未来的发展,旨在通过不同视角阐述hESC的功能,为读者提供最新的研究进展。The human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)are derived from preimplantation human in vitro fertilization(IVF)embryos.hESCs exhibit unique pluripotency,plasticity,unlimited capacity for self-renewal,and the ability to produce a huge number of different types of cells in vitro,so that the hESCs will open up a new way for basic research and regenerative medicine.So far,we have been able to use a variety of methods to establish and expend these cells lines,and differentiate them into specific cell lines as well.This review introduces various strategies for isolation,culture and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into specific cell lines;then we focus on the functions of the hESC-derived neural cells in vitro study from a series of aspects:single cell,synaptic transmission and neural circuit;finally,we briefly discuss the challengesin hESCs study and its future direction.The paper aims to describe the functions of hESC from different perspectives and provide readers with the latest research progress.

关 键 词：人类胚胎干细胞 功能 培养 分化 神经回路 

分 类 号：Q21[生物学—细胞生物学] Q7