马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》中哲学共产主义的确立  

On the Establishment of Philosophical Communism in Marx’s Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

作　　者：鲁克俭[1] Lu Kejian

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2021年第4期41-50,共10页Studies on Marxist Theory

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于MEGA2的马克思早期文本研究”(15ZDB001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黑格尔认为国家的本质是普遍,《莱茵报》时期的马克思也持这种国家观。但在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中,马克思明确提出国家的本质是私人。由此,马克思从国家崇拜转向国家批判,主张国家消亡论和真正的民主制。黑格尔的国家哲学建立在保存市民社会的基础之上,为此黑格尔设计了复杂的政治国家结构,特别是官僚政治。在马克思这里,铲除官僚政治是他批判黑格尔国家哲学的起点。对待官僚政治的态度,是马克思与黑格尔国家哲学的根本分歧所在。而铲除官僚政治就必须从根本上消灭市民社会本身,也就是废除私有财产。Hegel believes that the essence of the state is universal,and Marx in the period of Rheinische Zeitung also supports this view of the state.But in Critique of Hegels Philosophy of Right,Marx clearly states that the nature of the state is private.As a result,Marx shifts from state worship to state criticism,advocating the dismantling and true democracy.Hegel’s philosophy of state is based on the preservation of civil society,for which Hegel constructs a complex political state structure,especially the bureaucracy.For Marx,the eradication of bureaucracy is the starting point for his criticism of Hegel’s philosophy of state.The fundamental difference between Marx’and Hegel’s philosophy of state lies in their differrnt attitudes towards bureaucracy.The eradication of bureaucracy must be based on eliminating civil society itself,that is,abolishing private property.

关 键 词：《黑格尔法哲学批判》 哲学共产主义 真正的民主制 官僚政治 私有财产 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]