干旱胁迫对藜麦幼苗组织解剖结构和生理特性的影响  

Effect of Drought Stress on Anatomical Structure and Physiological Characteristics of Quinoa Seedlings

作　　者：赵红梅[1] 邓素芳[1] 杨艳君[1] 冀爱青[1] 李洪燕[1] ZHAO Hongmei;DENG Sufang;YANG Yanjun;JI Aiqing;LI Hongyan(College of Biology Science and Technology,Jinzhong University,Yuci,Shanxi 030600)

机构地区：[1]晋中学院生物科学与技术学院,山西榆次030600

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第6期1476-1483,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省高新科技创新项目(2019L0884);晋中学院博士启动基金项目;晋中学院“1331”工程创新团队“藜麦资源培育、开发及利用”项目。

摘　　要：为探究藜麦幼苗不同组织对干旱胁迫的响应,本试验采用盆栽方法设定不同田间持水量(100%、50%、25%)和不同处理时间(0、48、96 h),分别对藜麦幼苗根、茎、叶组织的解剖结构、脯氨酸含量以及吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)、脯氨酸脱氢酶(PDH)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行检测和分析。结果表明,与100%田间持水量相比,随着田间持水量的降低及处理时间的延长,藜麦根直径、表皮厚度均呈增长趋势,最大分别增加了9.1%和64.9%;茎组织各指标值呈逐渐降低趋势,其中髓腔直径最大降低了55.6%;叶片组织各指标值也在25%田间持水量处理96 h后达到最低值;根、茎、叶3种组织中脯氨酸含量及P5CS活性均呈逐渐上升趋势;叶中脯氨酸积累量高于茎和根,叶和茎中PDH活性呈逐渐降低趋势,而在根中则逐渐升高;根、茎、叶中3种酶活性在不同处理下表现不同,其中叶和茎中3种酶活性在50%田间持水量处理96 h后达到最高,根中3种酶则在25%田间持水量处理96 h后仍维持较高活性。总之,藜麦幼苗可通过增加根粗来抵御一定的干旱胁迫,可通过提高体内脯氨酸含量、P5CS活性及抗氧化酶活性提高抗旱性;且根在干旱下的形态及生理反应不同于叶和茎。本研究为藜麦的抗逆性机制研究提供了一定的理论依据。In order to explore the responses of different tissues of quinoa seedlings to drought stress, a pot-planting study was conducted with different field capacity(100%, 50%, 25%) and different treatment times(0, 48, 96 h). Then the anatomical structures were observed, and the proline content, the activities of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase(P5 CS), proline dehydrogenase(PDH), peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the catalase(CAT) were analyzed in the root, stem, and leaf tissues of quinoa seedlings. The results showed that the quinoa root diameter and epidermal thickness increased as the field capacity decreased and the treatment time extended with a maximum increase of 9.1% and 64.9%, respectively. The values of various indicators of the stem tissue exhibited a gradual decrease with the medullary cavity diameter decreasing by a maximum of 55.6%. The values of various parameters of the leaf tissue also reached the minimum under 25% field capacity in 96 h. The proline content and the P5 CS enzyme activity in the three tissues displayed a gradually increasing trend. The accumulation of proline in the leaves was higher than that in the stems and roots. The PDH enzyme activity in the leaves and stems gradually decreased, whereas it increased gradually in the roots. The antioxidant enzyme activity in all three tissues were different in different treatments. The enzyme activity in the leaves and stems reached the highest at 50% field capacity in 96 h, and the activity of the three enzymes in the roots still maintained higher activity at 25% field capacity in 96 h. In short, quinoa seedlings can adapt to a certain degree of drought by thickening the roots under drought stress. The drought resistance is improved by increasing proline content, P5 CS enzyme activity and antioxidant enzyme activity in the seedlings. The morphology and physiological responses of the roots under drought are different from those of the leaves and stems. This study provides some basic information for further investigation and utilizat

关 键 词：藜麦 干旱胁迫 脯氨酸含量 脯氨酸代谢酶活性 抗氧化物酶活性 

分 类 号：S519[农业科学—作物学]