论黑社会性质组织首要分子的刑事责任  

On the Criminal Liability of the Ringleaders of Mafia-style Organizations

作　　者：沈振甫 Shen Zhen-fu(School of Criminal Justice,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《政法学刊》2021年第2期38-47,共10页Journal of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：我国《刑法》第二十六条第三款规定了犯罪集团首要分子的刑事责任范围,也即集团所犯的全部罪行。对其理解的偏差导致司法实践在认定黑社会性质组织的首要分子刑事责任范围时做法不一。在实践中,黑社会性质组织的首要分子对组织所犯的部分罪行不知情的现象是普遍存在的,此时,通过共同犯罪理论追究首要分子的刑事责任存在一定障碍,由于《刑法》第二十六条第三款的立法规定,应例外承认并允许对个人责任原则的偏离。在这种情形中,首要分子为组织成员的行为而非自己的行为承担刑事责任的依据是:首要分子对组织成员的犯罪行为具有意志影响力。由于突破了个人责任原则限制,为防止黑社会性质组织首要分子的刑事责任范围被不当扩大,在认定其刑事责任时应进行必要的限制。The third paragraph of Article 26 of the Criminal Law of China stipulates the scope of criminal liability of the ringleaders of the criminal group, that is, all the crimes committed by the group. The deviation of its understanding leads to different judicial practices in determining the scope of criminal liability of the ringleaders of mafia-style organizations. It is a common phenomenon that the ringleaders of mafia-style organizations are unaware of some of the crimes committed by the organizations. At this time, there are some obstacles in investigating the criminal liability of the ringleaders by the theory of joint crime. Due to the legislative provisions of Article 26 of the Criminal Law, the deviation from the principle of individual liability should be recognized and allowed. In this case, the basis for the ringleaders to bear criminal liability for the behavior of the members of the organizations rather than their own is that the ringleader has the will influence on the criminal behavior of the members of the organization. Due to breaking through the principle of individual liability, in order to prevent the scope of criminal liability of the ringleaders of mafia-style organizations from being improperly expanded, necessary restrictions should be made in determining their criminal liability.

关 键 词：黑社会性质组织 刑事责任 替代责任 首要分子 组织决策 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]