表面活性剂-无机电解质-石油烃的匹配性与石油污染土壤清洗性能  

PETRILEUM CONTAMINATED SOIL CLEANING:SURFACTANT-INORGANIC ELECTROLYTE-PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON MATCHING

作　　者：王琦[1,2,3] 郭书海 李刚[1,2] 王卅 牛明芬[4] 殷智慧 WANG Qi;GUO Shu-hai;LI Gang;WANG Sa;NIU Ming-fen;YIN Zhi-hui(Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]污染土壤生物-物化协同修复技术国家地方联合工程实验室,沈阳110016 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,沈阳110168

出　　处：《环境工程》2021年第3期195-203,110,共10页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801900);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23010400);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1802111)。

摘　　要：选择SDBS、SHO、AEO、NP-10共4种表面活性剂,以重质油含量高的老化型石油污染土壤为对象,考察表面活性剂与石油不同族组分的匹配性。基于表面活性剂的分子排列调控机理,将表面活性剂与无机电解质组配,开展油污土壤清洗效果分析和适宜性评价。结果表明:在温度为65℃、固液比为1∶5、清洗时间1 h时,4种表面活性剂的清洗能力依次为SDBS>SHO>>AEO≈NP-10;选取Na_(2)CO_(3)、Na_(2)SiO_(3)、NaOH等无机电解质与表面活性剂复配清洗油污土壤,除SDBS以外,SHO、AEO、NP-10的洗脱能力均显著提高,Na_(2)CO_(3)、Na_(2)SiO_(3)对AEO和NP-10的增效作用更为突出。由于结构差异明显,4种表面活性剂对石油不同组分显示出不同匹配性,再与合适的电解质复配后,脱附性能得到强化。其中,AEO与Na_(2)SiO_(3)复配后对饱和烃的洗脱效果最好,洗脱率达到92.97%;AEO与Na_(2)CO_(3)复配后对芳香烃的洗脱效果最好,洗脱率达到93.58%。NP-10与Na_(2)SiO_(3)复配后,胶质沥青质洗脱率达到83.47%。因此,在油污土壤清洗中,依据石油族组分比例,可通过配制匹配性复合清洗剂来提高洗脱效率。以饱和烃为主的石蜡基油污土壤进行清洗,双组分的AEO+Na_(2)SiO_(3)复合药剂对石油类的洗脱率达到89.14%,具有应用前景。Four surfactants,SDBS,SHO,AEO and NP-10,were selected in this study to carry out the cleaning test for the aged petroleum contaminated soil.The study was focused on the compatibility between surfactants and petroleum components.Based on the mechanism of molecular alignment regulation of surfactants,it was designed to compound the surfactants and inorganic salts and explore the cleaning effect and suitability evaluation.The results showed that the elution effect was the best when the temperature was 65℃,the soil-water ratio was 1∶5,the time was 60 min,and then the cleaning capacity of the four surfactants was in the sequence of SDBS>SHO>>AEO≈NP-10.Moreover,the inorganic electrolytes,including Na2CO_(3),Na2SiO_(3) and NaOH,were selected for the compound tests.It achieved significant enhanced elution capacities of SHO,AEO,NP-10 when mixed with inorganic electrolytes except SDBS.Among them,AEO and NP-10 were the most prominent by compounding Na2CO_(3) or Na2SiO_(3).Because of the obvious difference in structure,the four surfactants showed different matching capacity for different petroleum components,and the desorption performance was strengthened after compounding with appropriate electrolyte.AEO combined with Na2SiO_(3) had the best elution effect on saturated hydrocarbons,with an elution rate of 92.97%.AEO combined with Na2CO_(3) had the best elution effect on aromatic hydrocarbons,with an elution rate of 93.58%.Moreover,the elution rate of the resin and asphaltene reached 83.47%when compounding NP-10 and Na2SiO_(3).Therefore,according to the proportion of petroleum group components,matching compound agents could be prepared to improve the elution efficiency.For example,in this study,for the aged petroleum contaminated soil mainly containing saturated hydrocarbons,the elution rate of the total petroleum by AEO+Na2SiO_(3) reached 89.14%,showing good prospect of practicality.

关 键 词：石油污染土壤 表面活性剂 无机电解质 化学清洗 石油族组分 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]