不同修复措施在退化荒漠草原生态修复中的效果研究  

Efficacy of Different Restoration Measures in Ecological Restoration in Degraded Desert Steppe

作　　者：殷国梅 镡建国 王晓栋 万敏 冀超 刘思博 李俊海 高巧玲[5] 陈小菲 慕宗杰 马春梅 YIN Guo-mei;SHAN Jian-guo;WANG Xiao-dong;WAN Min;JI Chao;LIU Si-bo;LI Jun-hai;GAO Qiao-ling;CHEN Xiao-fei;MU Zong-jie;MA Chun-mei(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot010031,China;Inner Mongolia Grassland Workstation,Hohhot010020,China;Inner Mongolia Grassland Survey and Planning Institute,Hohhot010051,China;Urad Middle Banner Grassland Workstation,Urad Middle Banner015300,China;Bayannur City Grassland Workstation,Linhe015000,China;Alagxa Vocational and Technical College,Alagxa Left Banner750306,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古自治区草原工作站,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古自治区草原勘察规划院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [4]乌拉特中旗草原工作站,内蒙古乌拉特中旗015300 [5]巴彦淖尔市草原工作站,内蒙古临河015000 [6]阿拉善职业技术学院,内蒙古阿拉善左旗750306

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2021年第3期81-85,共5页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG352);乌拉特中旗退化草原人工种草生态修复试点--科技支撑项目;生态修复措施对退化植被群落结构及多样性影响的研究。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同修复措施组合对荒漠草原群落特征的影响,并对不同修复措施组合产生的经济效益进行分析。[方法]采用围封、禁牧、施肥和补播的不同修复措施组合,设置5个荒漠草原修复区(T1区:围封+禁牧,T2区:围封+禁牧+施有机肥,T3区:围封+禁牧+施复合肥,T4区:围封+禁牧+施复合肥+施有机肥+补播,T5区:围封+禁牧+施复合肥+补播)。以自由放牧地(T6区)为对照,对巴彦淖尔市乌拉特中旗呼勒斯太苏木退化荒漠草原实施修复。不同组合的修复措施在2020年6月同时实施,当年8月下旬对不同修复措施区及对照区的植被群落特征进行调查,计算、分析不同修复组合产生的经济效益。[结果]5个不同修复区的草原植被群落高度增长率、盖度增长率、密度增长率、地上生物量增长率均显著(P<0.05)高于对照区;T5区的高度增长率最高,显著(P<0.05)高于T1、T2、T3、T4区;T5区的盖度增长率最高,显著(P<0.05)高于T1、T3区;T4区的密度增长率最高,显著(P<0.05)高于T1、T3区;T5区的地上生物量增长率最高,显著(P<0.05)高于T1区。以自由放牧地为对照(0元/hm2),T3区的当年纯收益最高,可达到9944元/hm2;T4区最低,为6601元/hm2。[结论]围封+禁牧+施复合肥+补播组合的生态修复效果最佳,围封+禁牧+施复合肥组合的当年经济效益最高。围封+禁牧是保障退化荒漠草原修复改良效果的前提。[Objective]To assess the impacts of different combinations of restoration measures on plant community characteristics of desert steppe,and to analyze the economic benefits produced by different restoration measures.[Method]Five different combinations of restoration measures,including enclosure+grazing prohibition(T1),enclosure+grazing prohibition+application of organic fertilizer(T2),enclosure+grazing prohibition+application of compound fertilizer(T3),enclosure+grazing prohibition+application of compound fertilizer+application of organic fertilizer+reseeding(T4),and enclosure+grazing prohibition+application of compound fertilizer+reseeding(T5),were used to restore the degraded desert steppe areas with free-grazing area(T6)as control in Hulestai Sumu,Urad Middle Banner,Bayannur City.Different combinations of restoration measures were conducted in June 2020,and the plant community characteristics in different restoration areas and free-grazing area were investigated in late August of the same year.Furthermore,the economic benefits produced by different restoration measures were calculated and analyzed.[Result]The growth rates of height,coverage,density and above-ground biomass of plant community in the 5 restoration areas were all significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of the control area;T5 area had the highest height growth rate which was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of T1,T2,T3 and T4 areas;the highest coverage growth rate was observed in T5 area,which was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of T1 and T3 areas;T4 area had the highest density growth rate which was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of T1 and T3 areas;T5 area had the best performance in above-ground biomass,which was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of T1 area.Referencing with the free-grazing area(0 Yuan/hm2),the highest current-year net profit was obtained in T3 area,which reached up to 9944 Yuan/hm2;while T4 area produced the lowest current-year net profit,which was 6601 Yuan/hm2.[Conclusion]The restoration combination of enc

关 键 词：修复措施 荒漠草原 生态修复 经济效益 

分 类 号：S812.68[农业科学—草业科学]