日本古代鸟信仰与中朝崇鸟文化  

A Study on Bird Belief in Ancient Japan and the Bird Worship Culture of China and Korea

作　　者：陈馨[1] Chen Xin(Guangdong University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2021年第2期85-92,共8页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2016年度广东高校省级重大科研项目青年创新人才类项目“《风土记》视域下的日本古代自然观研究”(2016WQNCX019)的阶段研究成果。主持人:陈馨;2017年度全国高校外语教学科研项目“古代日本鸟崇信仰的形成及流变”(2017GD0041B)的阶段研究成果。主持人:陈馨。

摘　　要：日本始于弥生时代早期的鸟信仰是具有普遍性的原始信仰,也是日本崇鸟文化的基础。本文结合对弥生、古坟时代的鸟型木器、鸟绘等出土文物以及《风土记》等典籍中相关记载的分析发现:日本古代鸟信仰从出现到形成经历了数次流变,衍生出多重文化内涵,这其中既有对外来文化的接受,也有弥生文化自身的裂变。具体包括:弥生早期受我国江南地区吴越文化的影响,日本列岛出现了视鸟为谷灵的鸟信仰;弥生中期在朝鲜半岛苏涂鸟杆的影响下又衍生出鸟是结界守护神的思想;弥生末期和古坟时代,在弥生文化内部裂变和多重外来文化的共同作用下形成了魂鸟的民俗思想。The bird belief in Japan,which began in the early Yayoi period,is a universal primitive belief and also the basis of the Japanese bird-worship culture.Based on the analysis of unearthed relics such as bird-shaped wooden vessels and bird paintings from the Yayoi and Kofun periods,as well as some records in ancient classics such as Fudoki,this paper finds that the ancient bird belief in Japan has experienced several changes from its appearance to formation,and produced multi-cultural connotations,including the acceptance of foreign cultures and the fission of the Yayoi culture itself.Specifically,the early Yayoi was influenced by the Wuyue culture of the Jiangnan region of China,wherein the bird belief of seeing the bird as the grain spirit appeared in Japan.Mid-term Yayoi had bred the seal of a bird under the influence of the Saute of the Korean peninsula;At the end of the Yayoi period and the Kofun period,the belief of Soul-sending by bird had occurred under the influence of foreign cultures and the internal fission of Yayoi culture.pictures of bird from Yayoi and Tumulus period,it can be found that early Yayoi had been influenced by the bird worshiping culture of Wu Yue era in the China’s Jiangnan region.Therefore,the Japanese archipelago appeared as a bird for the valley of the worship of birds faith;Mid-term Yayoi had bred the seal of bird under the influence of the Saute in Korean peninsula;At the end of the Yayoi period and the ancient grave era,the belief of Soul-sending by bird had occurred under the influence of the multi foreign cultural and the internal fission of Yayoi culture.

关 键 词：日本古代 鸟信仰 谷灵信仰 结界守护神 魂鸟 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]