1980—2021年:中国共产党消除对妇女歧视的政策变迁  

1980—2021:Changes in the Chinese Communist Party’s Policy to Eliminate Discrimination against Women

作　　者：庞新燕 PANG Xin-yan(Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人权研究院,重庆401120

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2021年第4期8-17,共10页Journal of Shandong Women＇s University

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重点项目“法治与德治的治理机制研究”(项目编号:20AFXOO2)。

摘　　要：中国共产党消除对妇女歧视的政策是审视妇女事业的重要抓手。自1980年以来,党制定的消除对妇女歧视的政策经过40多年的发展与变迁,内容不断调整、完善,基本形成一个较为完备的政策体系。分析党在1980—2021年间制定的消除对妇女和女童教育歧视、妇女和女婴生命歧视,以及妇女就业歧视的政策文本,发现政策的变迁经历了初立期、探索期、规范期、完善期4个阶段。不同时期消除对妇女歧视政策的侧重点不同:改革开放初期,侧重于消除对妇女受教育机会的不平等;20世纪90年代中期,侧重于消除对妇女生命的歧视;跨入21世纪,致力于消除对妇女就业的歧视。党经过40多年的努力,消除性别差距在义务教育阶段得到基本实现,"男孩偏好"、歧视妇女的旧观念得以有效矫正,妇女的生命权益得到保护,妇女就业歧视得到规范化治理。政策的变迁历程展现出党消除对妇女歧视、保障妇女权益的决心与努力。The party’s policy of eliminating discrimination against women is an important starting point for examining women’s causes.Since 1980,this policy has undergone more than 40 years of development and changes, and its content has been continuously adjusted and improved, forming a relatively complete policy system.Analyzing the policy text and girls’ educational opportunities, discrimination against women’s and girls’ lives and discrimination against women’s employment, we found that changes of such policies have gone through a period of initial establishment, exploration, standardization and improvement.Policy of different period has different focus.In the early stage of reform and opening up, the focus was on eliminating inequality in women’s educational opportunities.In the mid-1990 s, the focus was on eliminating discrimination against women’s lives.In the 21 st century, the party’s policy is dedicated to eliminating women’s employment discrimination.After more than 40 years of hard work, the elimination of the gender gap has been basically achieved in the compulsory education stage.The old concepts of"boy preference"and discrimination against women were effectively corrected, and women’s life rights and interests were protected.Employment discrimination against women has been regulated in a standardized manner.The course of policy changes demonstrates the party’s determination and efforts to eliminate discrimination against women and protect women’s rights and interests.

关 键 词：中国共产党 消除对妇女歧视 妇女人权 政策变迁 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理] D442.0[社会学]