伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔小说中的博物学叙事与阶级想象——以《玛丽·巴顿》和《妻子和女儿》为例  

作　　者：李洪青 

机构地区：[1]南京大学 [2]云南师范大学

出　　处：《复旦外国语言文学论丛》2020年第2期139-146,共8页Fudan Forum on Foreign Languages and Literature

摘　　要：维多利亚时代盛行的博物学为盖斯凯尔再现阶级关系提供了叙事策略。博物学内部相互冲突的分类法帮助她实现了不同时期的政治诉求:《玛丽·巴顿》采用强调空间秩序的官方博物学分类法,将工人阶层描述为供中产读者审视的静态标本,反映了初涉文坛的中产阶级女作家盖斯凯尔欲借博物学树立写作权威、维护现有社会等级秩序的愿望;《妻子和女儿》将法国博物学家乔弗里重视联系和统一的比较解剖学和文化领袖卡莱尔的"英雄"观结合起来的叙事策略,揭示了已获得一定文化权威的盖斯凯尔试图打破贵族世袭的政治体制,为掌握文化资本的中产精英谋求社会地位的意图。研究盖斯凯尔小说中的博物学叙事有助于了解她始终是资产阶级利益的坚定维护者。Natural history prevailing in the Victorian era provided Gaskell with narrative strategies for representing class relations.The conflicting taxonomies of natural history helped to achieve her political aspirations in different periods.In Mary Barton,Gaskell employed the official natural history taxonomy stressing space and order and described the working class as static specimens,reflecting that she,as a middle-class female writer having just stepped into the literary world,was eager to establish writing authority and to maintain the existing social hierarchy through natural history.Wives and Daughters integrated the French naturalist Geoffroy St.Hilaire's comparative anatomy highlighting continuity and unity with the culture leader Thomas Carlyle's views on“hero”,indicating that Gaskell,who had obtained cultural authority to some extent,tried to break the closed hereditary political system of the landed aristocracy and to seek social status for the bourgeois elites who had gained cultural capital.The study of natural history narrative in Gaskell's novels helps to understand that she was always a staunch defender of bourgeois interests.

关 键 词：伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔 《玛丽·巴顿》 《妻子和女儿》 博物学叙事 阶级想象 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]