户外场地与体育活动设计对幼儿基本动作技能发展影响  

Effect of outdoor playground and sports activities design on development of children’s fundamental movement skills

作　　者：覃云飞[1] 张忠[2] 宁科 QIN Yunfei;ZHANG Zhong;NING Ke(College of Physical Education and Education of Guangxi Institute of Physical Education,Nanning 530012,China)

机构地区：[1]广西体育高等专科学校体育与教育学院,南宁530012 [2]广西体育高等专科学校教务处 [3]陕西师范大学体育学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2021年第5期742-745,750,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：2020年教育部人文社科规划基金项目(20YJA890019);2019年度广西职业教育教学改革研究项目(GXZZJB2019B112)。

摘　　要：目的了解幼儿在预设的户外场地进行一定时间、频次的结构化与自主体育活动对基本动作技能的影响效果,为促进儿童基本动作技能的发展提供参考。方法在南宁市主城区4所公立幼儿园随机抽取141名正常发育幼儿分为实验组(71名)和对照组(70名)。实验组儿童在预设的户外场地连续参加10周(每周3次,每次1 h)体育活动(每次体育活动由30 min自主身体活动和30 min结构化体育活动组成),对照组无场地预设和专门设计的活动干预。实验前后对每名受试儿童进行9项基本动作技能测试(包括3项精细动作技能和6项粗大动作技能)。结果干预后,实验组儿童6项粗大动作技能测试中双手抛掷实心球、单脚平衡(左)、单脚平衡(右)、荡桥平衡与平衡木行走与干预前差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.82,4.25,9.69,-10.01,-28.28,P值均<0.05),脚跟脚尖协调行走改善无统计学意义(t=-0.60,P>0.05),投放硬币(右手)、投放硬币(左手)、方块堆砌3项精细动作技能测试均无明显改善(t值分别为0.91,1.03,0.42,P值均>0.05);对照组儿童除荡桥平衡(t=4.27,P<0.01)与脚跟脚尖协调行走(t=3.96,P<0.05)外,其余基本动作技能改善均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.21,0.74,0.31,0.97,P值均>0.05)。结论运动环境质量对幼儿基本动作技能有潜在影响作用。在预设的户外场地进行一定时间、频率的结构与自主化体育活动,幼儿的基本动作技可得到显著改善。Objective To demonstrate the effect of structured and autonomous sports activities on children’s basic motor skills in a preset outdoor field for a certain time and frequency, and to provide a reference for improving children’s development of basic motor skills. Methods Selected 141 typical developing children from 4 public kindergartens in Nanning, and randomly divided them into experimental group(71) and control group(70). The experimental group participated in physical activities for 10 weeks(3 times a week, 1 hour each time) in the preset outdoor field(each physical activity was composed of 30 minutes of autonomous physical activity and 30 minutes of structured physical activity), while the control group had no intervention of site preset and specially designed activities. Before and after the experiment, 9 basic motor skills(including 3 fine motor skills and 6 gross motor skills) were tested. Results There were significant differences in double-hand throwing, single-leg balance(left), single-leg balance(right), swing bridge balance and beam-walking before and after intervention in experimental group(t=7.82,4.25,9.69,-10.01,-28.28,P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance in the improvement of heel-toe coordinated walking(t=-0.60,P>0.05). There was no significant improvement in coin throwing(right hand), coin throwing(left hand) and square stacking(t=0.91,1.03,0.42,P>0.05), while in the control group, except for the balance of swinging bridge(t=4.27,P<0.05) and heel and toe walking(t=3.96,P<0.05), the improvement of other basic motor skills was not statistically significant(t=1.21, 0.74, 0.31, 0.97,P>0.05). Conclusion The quality of sports environment has a potential impact on the basic motor skills of preschool children. The basic motor skills of the pre-school children can be greatly improved by conducting structural and autonomous physical activities with a certain time and frequency.

关 键 词：运动活动 生长和发育 运动技能 随机对照试验 儿童 

分 类 号：G806[文化科学—运动人体科学] G804.49[文化科学—体育学]