2020年我国风疹流行病学和病毒基因特征分析  

Epidemiology and Genetic Characteristics of Rubella Virus Circulating in China in 2020

作　　者：刘莹 崔爱利[1] 郭晋源 邓丽丽[2] 范丽霞[3] 魏欢 刘李[5] 丛艳丽[6] 唐小敏[7] 雷玥[8] 周淑洁[9] 彭晓放 周珺[11] 冯燕[12] 张燕[1] 毛乃颖[1] 许文波[1] 朱贞[1] LU Ying;CUI Aili;GUO Jinyuan;DENG Lili;FAN Lixia;WEI Huan;LIU Li;CONG Yanli;TANG Xiaomin;LEI Yue;ZHOU Shujie;PENG Xiaofang;ZHOU Jun;FENG Yan;ZHANG Yan;MAO Naiying;XU Wenbo;ZHU Zhen(NHC Key Laboratry of Medcal Vrology and Viral Dosease,National nstitute for Viral Dsease Control and Prevention,Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention,Beajing,China;Guangexi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning 530028,Chna;Qinghai Provncial Center for Disease Control and Preventon,Xining 810007,China;Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Controland Prevention,Lanzhou73000,Chna;Sichuan Prowincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,China;HebeiProvincal Center for Disase Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Guizhou Prouincial Center for Disease Control andPrevention,Guiyang 550004,China;Tianjin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianyn 30011,China;AnhuiProuncial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230601,China;Cuangdong Prouincial Center for Disease Control andPreventon,Guangzhou 511430,Chma;Jiangt Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanchang 330029;Zhenang Provincial Center for Dusease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310051,Chna)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家卫生健康委员会医学病毒学和病毒病重点实验室,北京102206 [2]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,南宁530028 [3]青海省疾病预防控制中心,南宁810007 [4]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,兰州730000 [5]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [6]河北省疾病预防控制中心,石家庄050021 [7]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵阳550004 [8]天津市疾病预防控制中心,天津300011 [9]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,合肥230601 [10]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广州511430 [11]江西省疾病预防控制中心,南昌330029 [12]浙江省疾病预防控制中心,杭州310051

出　　处：《病毒学报》2021年第3期638-647,共10页Chinese Journal of Virology

基　　金：“十三五”国家科技重大专项(项目号:2018ZX10713001-003),题目:病毒性自然疫源性传染病症候群病原谱构成及流行规律研究;“十三五”国家科技重大专项(项目号:2018ZX10713002),题目:病毒性传染病病原谱和病毒基因变异变迁规律研究;“十三五”国家科技重大专项课题(项目号:2018ZX10711001),题目:病毒感染高通量快速检测及应急筛检技术研究;艾滋病、肝炎等传染病防治“十三五”科技重大专项(项目号:2017ZX10104001),题目:基于全基因组的病毒网络化监测和溯源技术体系研究;深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”项目资助(项目号:SZSM202011008);国家重点研究计划(项目号:2017YFC1200303),题目:高等级生物设施重大事故模拟仿真与风险评估关键技术研究;国家重点研究计划(项目号:2018YFC1200602),题目:新发突发烈性传染病人用疫苗的研制与制备技术。

摘　　要：为了解2020年我国风疹流行病学特征以及流行风疹病毒(Rubella virus,RV)的基因特征,本研究收集整理全国麻疹/风疹监测信息报告管理系统中2020年中国风疹发病数据,分析其流行病学特征;同时,依托全国麻疹/风疹实验室网络获得RV分离株,经鉴定后扩增并测定阳性RV分离株的靶基因序列——E1基因的739个核苷酸片段,并与WHO推荐的基因型参考株序列以及已发表的基因亚型参考株序列进行比对确定基因型和亚型,同时与我国2000-2019年间流行的RV进行亲缘性关系分析。结果显示,2020年中国风疹报告发病率为0.18/10万,继2018-2019年风疹的复发和暴发后出现大幅下降,发病人群年龄组主要为10-29岁无免疫史的青少年和成人;2020年我国RV流行的主要基因亚型为1E-L2与2B-L2c,为2018-2019年间检测到的境外输入性病毒。因此,在实施有效的风疹疫苗免疫后,我国本土流行的病毒逐渐被阻断,然而由于我国风疹易感人群的累积和输入性病毒的持续传播导致了我国近些年风疹疫情的回升。鉴于此,我国应根据现状制定更加切实有效的风疹疫苗免疫策略,消除青少年和成年人中的易感人群;同时应进一步加强风疹流行病学和病毒学监测,从而科学地阻断输入病毒的传播。To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rubella and the genetic characteristics of rubella virus(RV)circulating in China in 2020,this study collected data on rubella incidence in China in 2020 from the national measles/rubella surveillance information report management system,and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics.RV isolates were obtained via the national measles/rubella laboratory network,and,after identification,a 739-nucleotide fragment of the E1 gene from positive strains was amplified and sequenced.Then,the genotype and sub-genotype were determined by comparison with reference strain sequences recommended by the World Health Organization and published lineage reference strain sequences.In addition,genetic relationships were analyzed among Chinese RV strains that circulated during 2000 to 2019.The reported incidence of rubella in China in 2020 was 0.18 cases per 100,000 people,which was a sharp decrease after a rubella resurgence nationwide epidemic in 2018–2019.The main population with RV infection was aged 10–29 years and unvaccinated.The main RV sub-genotypes circulating in 2020 were 1 E-L2 and 2 B-L2 c,which were imported strains detected in 2018 and 2019.Therefore,after the implementation of effective rubella vaccination in China,the domestic RV strains had been gradually interrupted,but the accumulation of a rubellasusceptible population and the continuous transmission of imported strains led to the re-emergence of rubella in China in recent years.In view of this,China should pursue a more effective rubella vaccination strategy in order to eliminate susceptible groups,especially among adolescents and young adults.Moreover,rubella epidemiological and virological surveillance should be further strengthened,so as to interrupt the transmission of imported virus strains in China.

关 键 词：风疹 流行病学 基因特征 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]