四季秋海棠炭疽病菌生物学特性及生防因子的筛选  

Biological Characteristic of Colletotrichum truncatum on Begonia semperflorens and Screening of Biocontrol Factors

作　　者：张宝清 翟雅鑫 薛丽芳 曹挥[1] 郝晓娟[1] ZHANG Baoqing;ZHAI Yaxin;XUE Lifang;CAO Hui;HAO Xiaojuan(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801;Branch of Landscaping,Datong Coal Group Corp,Datong,Shanxi 037003)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801 [2]大同煤矿集团有限责任公司园林绿化分公司,山西大同037003

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第10期66-71,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划资助项目(201803D221012-1)。

摘　　要：以四季秋海棠炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum truncatum)为试验材料,采用菌落生长法和孢子萌发法,研究了不同培养条件对四季秋海棠炭疽病菌菌落生长和孢子萌发的影响;采用生长速率法研究了14种植物提取物对四季秋海棠炭疽病菌的抑制作用,以期明确该病原菌生物学特性,筛选对其具有抑菌活性的植物提取物,为该病害的防治提供参考依据。结果表明:最适宜该病原菌菌丝生长的温度为25~30℃,pH 7,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为硝酸钠和甘氨酸。分生孢子萌发的最适温度是30~35℃,pH 6~7。丁香、石菖蒲、蛇床子提取物在2.0 mg·mL^(-1)浓度下对菌丝生长具有较好的抑制作用,菌丝生长抑制率分别为100%、92%和90%,其它植物提取物抑制率在20%~85%。Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose of Begonia semperflorens was used as experimental material.The effects of different temperatures,pH,carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth and spore germination of C.truncatum were determined by growth rate and spore germination methods.The inhibition of 14 kinds of plant extracts on C.truncatum were determined by growth rate method.Biological characteristics of the pathogen were studied and the plant extracts with antifungal activity were screened,in order to provide a reference for disease control.The results showed that the most suitable growth temperature for C.truncatum was 25-30℃and pH 7.The optimum carbon source was glucose and the best nitrogen sources were sodium nitrate and glycine.The optimum temperature for conidia germination was 30-35℃and pH 6-7.The inhibition rates of extract of Syzygium aromaticum,Acorus tatarinowii,Fructus cnidii at the concentration of 2.0 mg·mL^(-1)were100%,92%and 90%,respectively.The inhibition rates of other plant extracts were between 20%and 85%.

关 键 词：四季秋海棠 炭疽病菌 生物学特性 植物提取物 筛选 

分 类 号：S436.8[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]