采前调控乙烯对“嘎啦”苹果采后质地变化的影响  

Effects of Preharvest Regulation of Ethylene on Texture Changes of‘Gala’Apple Fruit During Cold Storage

作　　者：孙英杰 蒋雅萍 石泽栋 张新华[1] 李富军[1] 李晓安 SUN Yingjie;JIANG Yaping;SHI Zedong;ZHANG Xinhua;LI Fujun;LI Xiao'an(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,Shandong 255049)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第10期97-104,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(31772024)。

摘　　要：以"嘎啦"苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.Gala)为试材,以清水为空白对照,以乙烯利为阳性对照,研究了采前7 d喷施乙烯抑制剂Harvista(有效成分为1-甲基环丙烯,1-MCP)对"嘎啦"苹果在采收和冷藏期间质量,特别是质地变化的影响,以期为调控果实采后品质提供新的技术。结果表明:Harvista减少了"嘎啦"苹果采前落果,保持了果实可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量,抑制了果实冷藏期间的呼吸和乙烯释放速率,降低了果实冷藏前60 d的淀粉酶、果胶甲酯酶、β-半乳糖苷酶和前90 d多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶的活性,延缓了果实冷藏期间淀粉、原果胶和纤维素含量的下降,抑制了冷藏前90 d可溶性果胶含量的升高,而乙烯利则表现出与Harvista相反的效果。采前对乙烯的调控有效地改变了"嘎啦"苹果的采收及贮藏品质,采前7 d喷施Harvista可以保持果实冷藏期间的质地,延缓果实软化。‘Gala’apples(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.‘Gala’)were used as materials to test the effects of Harvista(the active ingredient is 1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)sprayed 7 days before harvest on fruit quality,especially texture changes of‘Gala’apples during harvest and cold storage(the clean water was used as a blank control,and ethephon was used as positive control).In order to provide a new technology for regulating fruit quality after harvest.The results showed that Harvista reduced the preharvest fruit drop,maintained the titratable acid and soluble solid content of the fruit,and inhibited the respiration rate and ethylene production rate of the fruit during cold storage.Harvista also reduced the activities of amylase,pectin methylesterase,andβ-galactosidase in the first 60 days and the activities of polygalacturonase and cellulase in the first 90 days during cold storage,thus delayed the decrease of starch,protopectin and cellulose content,and inhibited the increase in soluble pectin content in the first 90 days during cold storage,while ethephon showed the opposite effects.The regulation of ethylene before harvest effectively changed the harvest and storage quality of‘Gala’apples,and spraying the ethylene inhibitor-Harvista 7 days before harvest can maintain the texture of the fruit during cold storage and delay fruit softening.

关 键 词：乙烯 苹果 质地 贮藏 软化 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]