海南岛春季降水异常的环流和海温特征  

Analysis of the Characteristics of Circulation and Sea Surface Temperature for the Anomalies of Spring Precipitation in Hainan Island

作　　者：张天圣 赵蕾 蔡英缨 ZHANG Tian-sheng;ZHAO Lei;CAI Ying-ying(Meteorological Service Center of Hainan Province,Haikou 570203;Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation for South China Sea,Hainan Province,Haikou 570203)

机构地区：[1]海南省气象服务中心,海南海口570203 [2]海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口570203

出　　处：《广东气象》2021年第3期14-18,共5页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：海南省气象科技创新项目(NQXJS201610)。

摘　　要：利用海南岛18个市县国家气象观测站月降水资料、NCEP\NCAR的逐月资料、美国NO-AA中心OISST1的海温逐月资料,研究了海南岛春季降水变化及降水异常的大气环流变化特征,结果表明:海南岛春季降水量较大的地区为东北部到中部地区。春季降水量的特征时间尺度分别为2和6年。降水偏多(或偏少)年,高层位势高度呈现北高(或低)南低(或高)的分布状态,中层贝加尔湖和巴尔喀什湖之间高压脊偏强(或偏弱),东亚大槽偏强(或偏弱)、偏南(或偏北),副高偏弱(或偏强)、偏南(或偏北),有利于(或不利于)北方冷空气南下扩散到华南地区,中南半岛到南海中北部低压(或高压)异常。降水偏多年,西南风携带大量水汽经孟加拉湾南部、中南半岛南部进入南海后与冷空气汇合;降水偏少年,冷空气活动偏北,西南风偏弱。当赤道附近的中东太平洋海区的海温异常偏低、30N°附近的北太平洋海区和我国的黄海、东海附近海区的海温异常偏高时,有利于春季降水,反之则不利于春季降水。Using monthly rainfall data from national observation stations in 18 cities and counties in Hainan Island,monthly data from NCEP/NCAR and monthly OISST1 from NOAA,USA,this paper studies the characteristics of atmospheric circulation variation associated with precipitation variations and anomalies in the spring of the island.The result is shown as follows.For Hainan Island,the northeastern and central areas receive large amount of spring rain.The characteristic temporal scales of spring rain amount in Hainan Island are 2 and 6 years,respectively.In the years with more(or less)precipitation,upper-level potential heights are so distributed that they are higher(or lower)in the north than in the south,a high-pressure ridge between Lake Baikal and Lake Balkhash is strong(or weak),a major trough in East Asia is strong(or weak)and located more southward(or northward),and a subtropical high in the western Pacific is weak(or strong)and located more southward(or northward).As a result,it is favorable(or unfavorable)for the cold air in the north to diffuse south to southern China,there is anomalously low(or high)pressure from Indochina Peninsula to the north-central part of the South China Sea.In the years with more precipitation,a southwesterly carrying a large amount of water vapor to arrive in the sea by way of southern Bay of Bengal and southern Indochina Peninsula,meets with the south-going cold air.In the years with less precipitation,the activity of cold air is more northward and southwesterly is weaker.Lower sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern and central Pacific near the equator and higher sea surface temperature anomalies in North Pacific near 30°N as well as the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are favorable conditions for spring precipitation in the island,and unfavorable if they are higher and lower respectively.

关 键 词：气候学 降水异常 小波分析 合成分析 大气环流 海温 海南岛 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]