不同类型厄尔尼诺事件中环境因子对中西太平洋金枪鱼围网鲣分布响应  

Response of environmental factors to distribution of skipjack tuna purse seine fishery in Western and Central Pacific Ocean during different El Niña events

作　　者：杨彩莉 杨晓明[1,2] 朱江峰[1,2] YANG Caili;YANG Xiaoming;ZHU Jiangfeng(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-Water Fisheries/National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心/大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2021年第3期8-18,共11页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0901202,2019YFD0901502)。

摘　　要：金枪鱼围网鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)主要作业渔场位于中西太平洋热带海域,厄尔尼诺事件对其分布有显著影响。文章基于中国大陆地区渔船围网鲣渔捞日志数据及环境因子,构建最大熵模型(Maximum Entropy Model,MaxEnt),探讨不同类型厄尔尼诺事件对渔场空间分布及环境因子的响应特征。结果表明:1)利用MaxEnt模型能够较好预测渔场分布;2)中等强度中部型厄尔尼诺事件中鲣渔场主要分布在赤道太平洋160°E附近,超强东部型和弱中部型厄尔尼诺事件中鲣渔场主要分布在赤道太平洋170°E附近;3)50 m水深温度(Temperature of subsurface at 50 m depths,T50)、海表盐度(Sea surface salinity,SSS)、海表温度(Sea surface temperature,SST)是影响鲣分布的关键因子,在中等强度中部型厄尔尼诺事件中,SSS贡献率最高;而在超强东部型和弱中部型事件中,T50贡献率最高;4)鲣渔场重心在经度方向上集中分布于160°E—175°W海域,不同尼诺事件下,适宜栖息地面积比分别为:中等中部型事件24%,超强东部型事件28%,弱中部型事件29%。Skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)is widely distributed in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean,and El Niño events have significant impacts on its distribution.Based on the logbook data from mainland of China and the oceanographic environmental data,we applied the Maximum Entropy Model(MaxEnt)to explore the spatial distribution of fishing grounds and the response characteristics of environmental factors in different types of El Niño events.The results show that:1)The MaxEnt model could predict the distribution of fishing grounds well.2)The moderate Central Pacific El Niño events were mainly distributed around 160°E in the equatorial Pacific,while the super Eastern Pacific and weak Central Pacific El Niño events were mainly distributed around 170°E.3)Sea surface temperature(SST),sea temperature at depth of 50 m(T50)and sea surface salinity(SSS)were the key factors affect-ing the distribution of skipjack tuna.In the moderate Central Pacific El Niño events,SSS had the highest contribution rate,while in the super Eastern Pacific and weak Central Pacific El Niño events,T50 did.4)The center of gravity of fishing ground along the lon-gitude was mainly distributed between 160°E and 175°W,and the suitable habitat average percentage was different in different El Niño events.The moderate Central Pacific El Niño events was 24%;the super Eastern Pacific El Niño events was 28%;the weak Central Pacific El Niño events was 29%.

关 键 词：鲣 最大熵模型 厄尔尼诺事件 中西太平洋海域 

分 类 号：S934[农业科学—渔业资源]