滤食性贝类养殖对浮游生物的影响研究进展  

Review of influences of filter-feeding bivalves aquaculture on planktonic community

作　　者：齐占会[1,2] 史荣君 于宗赫[3] 徐淑敏 韩婷婷 徐姗楠[1] 黄洪辉[1,2] QI Zhanhui;SHI Rongjun;YU Zonghe;XU Shumin;HAN Tingting;XU Shannan;HUANG Honghui(South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology Environment/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510300,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 5510642,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室/农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458 [3]华南农业大学,广东广州510642

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2021年第3期115-121,共7页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41976149,31900094);广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011377);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2020YJ02,2021SD03);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金(2020TD15)。

摘　　要：滤食性贝类是世界上产量最大的养殖种类,规模化养殖极大地增加了近岸水域中贝类的数量。贝类生理过程和养殖活动对海洋生态系统的影响是海洋生态学的重要研究领域。文章梳理了目前关于贝类对浮游生物影响的研究进展,总结了规模化贝类养殖对养殖区及毗连水域的浮游生物数量和群落结构的主要影响机制:贝类的滤食对浮游生物产生强烈的下行控制作用而降低浮游生物的数量;选择性捕食改变了浮游生物群落结构;贝类的排泄增加了水体中的营养元素,促进了浮游植物的生长;贝类的生物沉积则导致硅(Si)元素的沉积和埋藏,改变了生源要素的比例,对硅藻等浮游植物产生了限制;贝类养殖设施的阻流作用使浮游生物在养殖区的滞留时间延长,增加了浮游生物被捕食的概率;贝类养殖显著增加了海鞘等滤食性附着生物的数量,从而也对浮游生物产生了影响。此外,还提出了有待继续深入研究的科学问题。Filter-feeding bivalves is one of the most productive species in the world.Large scale aquaculture has increased the number of shellfish in coastal waters greatly.The influences of bivalves'physiological processes and aquaculture activities on the marine ecosystem have drawn lots of attention from scientists.This paper summarizes the current research progress on the impact of shellfish on plankton,and conclude that the influences of bivalves aquaculture on plankton communities in farming areas and its adjacent area include:the filter feeding leads to a grazing pressure and exerts a‘top-down’control of planktonic communities in farming areas,resulting in a significant depletion of plankton concentration;selective predation changed plankton community structure;the excretion of shellfish increased the nutrient elements in the water and promoted the growth of phytoplankton;the biodeposition process lead to a deposition and burial of silicon(Si)which resulted in a change in biogenic elements ratio and a limit of diatom;the rearing infrastructures decreased the hydrodynamic and water flow velocity,and prolonged the residence time of plankton inside farming areas,which tends to increase the risk of predation of planktonic populations,reducing biomass and production;bivalves can increase the amount of fouling organisms and have an impact on plankton.Finally,the paper summarizes the scientific problems to be further studied.

关 键 词：滤食性贝类 浮游生物 选择性摄食 下行控制 附着生物 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]