生物炭添加对不同水氮条件下芦苇生长和氮素吸收的影响  

Effects of biochar addition on growth and nitrogen absorption of Phragmites australis under different water and nitrogen conditions

作　　者：李谦维 高俊琴[1] 梁金凤 冯久格 张晓雅 盖凌云 LI Qianwei;GAO Junqin;LIANG Jinfeng;FENG Jiuge;ZHANG Xiaoya;GAI Lingyun(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Huanghekou Management Station,Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Administration,Dongying 257500,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [2]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [3]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区黄河口管理站,东营257500

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第10期3765-3774,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研究开发项目(2017YFC0505903);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100605)。

摘　　要：生物炭能改良土壤从而促进植物生长和氮素吸收,但其作用效果是否受水氮条件的影响尚不清楚。以湿地植物芦苇为研究对象,在3种氮添加水平(无添加,30 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)和60 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1))和两种水分(淹水和非淹水)条件下分别进行生物炭添加和不添加处理,结果表明:(1)生物炭添加能促进芦苇根系生长,在非淹水条件下根系生物量增加了40.5%,在淹水条件下根系生物量增加了20.1%。(2)生物炭添加能促进非淹水条件下芦苇的氮素吸收,能提高淹水条件下芦苇的氮素生产力。(3)生物炭添加加剧了土壤氮素损失,且在非淹水高氮条件下作用最强,可能是由于生物炭促进了芦苇的氮素吸收。芦苇氮素吸收速率与土壤氮损失之间存在显著的正相关关系。因此,在添加生物炭时,需要考虑土壤水分状况和氮素富集程度以及植物的氮素吸收偏好。该研究结果可为生物炭在湿地生态系统中的应用提供参考。Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and is closely related to plant life activities.In most terrestrial ecosystems,plant growth is limited by nitrogen availability.Therefore,it is important to improve plant productivity in terrestrial systems by increasing the nitrogen uptake capacity of plants.Biochar is regarded as a kind of"soil conditioner"produced by pyrolysis of biomass under high temperature and hypoxia conditions.It has attracted more and more attention because of its important role in promoting crop yield,reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution control in recent years.Most previous studies have applied biochar in dryland ecosystems,but few in wetland ecosystem.Though biochar has been proved to be beneficial of plant growth and nitrogen uptake,but whether it is influenced by different nitrogen availability and water conditions is still unclear.Therefore,we conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of biochar addition on the growth and nitrogen absorption of Phragmites australis with three nitrogen additions(no addition,30 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1),60 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1))and two water treatments(inundation and no inundation).The results showed that:(1)biochar addition promoted the root growth of P.australis,increased the root biomass by 40.5%in the non⁃flooded treatment and by 20.1%in the flooded treatment,but have no significant effects on biomass of other parts and total biomass.(2)Biochar addition could improve the nitrogen absorption rate in the non⁃flooded condition,increased the nitrogen absorption rate by 23%in average.Biochar addition also enhanced the nitrogen productivity of P.australis in the flooded condition by 22%in average.(3)Biochar significantly decreased the soil ammonium⁃N,nitrate⁃N and mineral nitrogen concentrations,increased the soil nitrogen loss,and the effects were the strongest in the non⁃flooded and high nitrogen treatments because biochar promoted nitrogen absorption rate of P.australis.There was a significantly positive corre

关 键 词：氮添加 氮吸收 芦苇 生物炭 水分条件 

分 类 号：S564.2[农业科学—作物学]