中国典型生态脆弱区生态化学计量学研究进展  

Advances in ecological stoichiometry in typically and ecologically vulnerable regions of China

作　　者：陈云 李玉强 王旭洋 牛亚毅 CHEN Yun;LI Yuqiang;WANG Xuyang;NIU Yayi(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tongliao 028300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站,通辽028300

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第10期4213-4225,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604803,2016YFC0500901);国家自然科学基金项目(31971466,41807525)。

摘　　要：在人类活动和自然环境变化的相互作用下,生态脆弱区生态系统随之变迁,荒漠化、盐碱化、水土流失、植被生产力下降等是生态脆弱区面临的重要问题。生态化学计量学作为当前多学科交叉研究的热点领域,强调从生态系统能量与元素平衡角度,揭示元素生物地球化学循环和生态系统对环境变化的调控机制。为了促进对生态脆弱区碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量的深入理解,本文重点总结了近年来有关我国典型生态脆弱区植物、凋落物、土壤和土壤微生物量C、N、P生态化学计量及其对环境变化响应的研究成果,并展望未来研究方向,以期促进生态化学计量学的发展和生态脆弱区生态保护与恢复研究。研究表明,植物-凋落物-土壤-土壤微生物系统C、N、P化学计量具有较强相关性,并受土壤因子、气候因子、生物因子和人类活动的显著影响。在生态脆弱区,我国北方荒漠及荒漠化地区由于较高的N∶P比值易受P限制,而青藏高原脆弱区、西南岩溶石漠化地区和黄土高原脆弱区等生态脆弱区更易受N限制;随着植被恢复,养分限制逐渐由N限制向P限制转变。生态脆弱区相对较低的养分含量和C∶N∶P比值或许可在一定程度上解释植被生产力较低的原因,而具有较高N、P化学计量内稳性的植物在贫瘠环境中具有较强竞争力和更高稳定性。今后可加强多尺度、不同生态系统植物-凋落物-土壤-土壤微生物系统生态化学计量和长期、多因子交互控制实验的研究。The ecosystem of ecologically vulnerable regions is changed by the interaction of human activities and natural environmental changes.The desertification,salinization,soil erosion and vegetation productivity decline are important problems faced by the ecologically vulnerable regions.As a critical issue of interdisciplinary research,ecological stoichiometry emphasizes to reveal the biogeochemical cycle of elements and the regulation mechanism of ecosystem on environmental change from the perspective of energy and element balance of ecosystem.It is of great ecological significance to carry out the research on ecological stoichiometry of carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)elements in the ecosystem:(1)to judge the limitation of N and P on plants to reveal the mechanism of nutrient regulation and biogeochemical cycle in terrestrial ecosystem;(2)to promote the in⁃depth understanding of biological adaptability to the environment;(3)to reveal the mechanism of carbon cycle and response of ecosystem to environmental change.To understand the C,N and P ecological stoichiometry in typically and ecologically vulnerable regions(agro⁃pastoral ecotone,forest⁃grassland ecotone,desert⁃oasis ecotone,the Loess Plateau vulnerable areas,the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau vulnerable areas and southwest karst areas)of China,we mainly summarized the recently researches of C,N,and P ecological stoichiometry in plants,litters,soils and soil microbes,as well as their responses to environmental changes.Then,we proposed the possible direction in the further research.The aim is to promote the development of ecological stoichiometry and ecological protection and restoration in typically and ecologically vulnerable regions.The results show that the C,N,and P ecological stoichiometry of plants,litters,soils,and soil microbes present strong correlations,and is significantly affected by soil,climate and biological factors,and human activities.In the ecologically vulnerable regions,the deserts and desertification areas in north China with higher N

关 键 词：生态脆弱区 生态化学计量学 环境变化 植物-凋落物-土壤-微生物系统 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]