科技创新推进黑土地保护与利用,齐力维护国家粮食安全――用好养好黑土地的对策建议  

Protection and Utilization of Black Land and Making Concerted and Unremitting Efforts for Safeguarding Food Security Promoted by Sci-tech Innovation-Countermeasures in Conservation and Rational Utilization of Black Land

作　　者：梁爱珍[1] 李禄军[1] 祝惠[1] LIANG Aizhen;LI Lujun;ZHU Hui(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2021年第5期557-564,共8页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2017274)。

摘　　要：保护和利用好黑土地资源,建设粮食产业强国是维持国家安全的重要基石。文章聚焦水-土-种-肥-药等农业资源要素,分析了当前我国东北黑土区在粮食生产、生态安全和可持续发展中存在的关键“卡脖子”问题。提出应以科技创新为引领,加强黑土地保护和作物增产技术与装备研发;构建土壤障碍因子消减和抗逆作物优化种植模式、黑土地保护长效机制,全面推进土地集约化经营和机械化生产;加快粮食生产向精准化、智慧化转型,构建多种生态系统协同发展安全模式。提出发挥中国科学院科技力量建制化和多学科优势,紧密联合地方政府、企业、农民,组建科技攻关和技术推广团队,以及推动黑土地保护性利用和健康管理核心技术落地的政策建议。The protection and reasonable utilization of black land and developing a powerful nation in the grain industry are the cornerstone for safeguarding the national security.This study focuses on the main agricultural sources including soil,water,seed,fertilizer,farm chemicals,etc.,and analyzes the key problems in grain production,ecological security,and sustainable development in black land in Northeast China.This study proposes to strengthen the research and development of technology and the relevant equipment for the protection of black land and increasing crop yield;to develop the reduction of soil obstacle factors and stress-tolerant plants planting modes;to build a long-term mechanism for black land protection and to comprehensively promote the intensive land management and mechanized production;to fasten the transition of traditional agriculture to precision and smart agriculture and to construct a coordinated and safe development mode for multiple ecosystems.The Chinese Academy of Sciences should give full play to its institutional and multidisciplinary advantages,and build a close union with local government,enterprise and farmers,thereby tackling the key problems and promoting the popularization of core technologies in the protective utilization of black land and soil health management.

关 键 词：黑土地保护 粮食安全 生态安全 科技创新 对策建议 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济] F323.3