寒地稻田不同灌溉模式下稻株生长与水分消耗利用  

Rice plant growth and water consumption and utilization under different irrigation modes in cold paddy field

作　　者：张作合 张忠学 ZHANG Zuohe;ZHANG Zhongxue(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]绥化学院农业与水利工程学院,绥化152061 [3]农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第11期4586-4595,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079028);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51779046);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费基础研究项目(YWK10236200143)。

摘　　要：为揭示不同灌溉模式下水稻植株生长与水分消耗利用,通过蒸渗仪与田间小区结合的方法,以常规淹灌模式作为对比,研究了三种灌溉模式的水稻植株生长与水分消耗利用。试验结果表明:水稻植株体通过水分的自我调解来适应稻田生态系统变化,灌溉模式对水稻植株各器官的湿基含水率产生显著影响(P<0.05),控制灌溉模式能够有效地延缓水稻生育后期的根系衰老;作为水分的载体,水稻植株干物质积累量直接影响水稻的耗水量,控制灌溉模式下稻田生态系统的水稻耗水量较间歇灌溉和常规淹灌都有大幅度的降低,而水分利用效率大幅度提高;控制灌溉模式可以通过生长补偿效应来增加后期干物质的积累,从而提高籽粒产量。根据各灌溉模式水稻的腾发量结合实际降雨量,来调控稻田灌溉水量,能够有效地维持SPAC稻田生态系统平衡,保证农业和生态系统的可持续发展。研究结果可为寒地黑土区稻田生态系统水分消耗利用研究提供理论依据和技术支撑。In order to reveal rice plant growth and water consumption and utilization under different irrigation modes,rice plant growth and water consumption and utilization under three irrigation modes were studied by combining evaporator with field plot and comparing with the conventional submerged irrigation mode.The results showed that rice plants could adapt themselves to the changes of paddy ecosystem through water self-regulation.Irrigation mode had a significant effect on the wet base water content of rice plants(P<0.05).The control irrigation mode could effectively delay the root aging of rice at the late growth stage;as the carrier of water,the dry matter accumulation of rice plants directly affected the water consumption and control of rice.The water consumption of rice in paddy field ecosystem under irrigation mode was significantly lower than that under intermittent irrigation and conventional flooding irrigation,while the water use efficiency was greatly improved.The dry matter accumulation in later stage can be increased by growth compensation effect in the controlled irrigation mode,so as to increase grain yield.According to the evapotranspiration of rice and actual rainfall of each irrigation mode,the irrigation water of paddy field can be regulated and controlled,which can effectively maintain the balance of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in paddy field ecosystem and ensure the sustainable development of agriculture and ecosystem.The results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the research on water consumption and utilization of paddy ecosystem in cold and black soil region.

关 键 词：灌溉模式 寒地稻田 稻株生长 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]