地方树:地方性的概念模型及其旅游学阐释  

The Conceptual Tree-like Model of Placeness and its Tourism Interpretation

作　　者：刘宏芳 明庆忠 周晓琴 Liu Hongfang;Ming Qingzhong;Zhou Xiaoqin(Institute of Tourism and Cultural industry,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China;Provincial Situation and Counseling Institute,The Party School of the Committee in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650111,China)

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学旅游文化产业研究院,云南昆明650221 [2]云南省委党校省情和资政研究院,云南昆明650111

出　　处：《旅游论坛》2021年第2期26-38,共13页Tourism Forum

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(41961021);教育部人文社科项目(20YJC850008);2018年云南省哲学社会科学研究基地课题(JD2018YB09)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以开放的地方观为基本理念,从以往地方性相关研究中梳理并采用专家打分法加以验证,解读了地方性的重要构成要素;以此为基础,从综合动态视角分析其内部与外在因素及其呈现形式,构建了地方性的"地方树"概念模型,探究地方性本体认知及其系统作用机理,进而提出旅游开发中地方特色彰显的依据和着力方向。在"地方树"的概念模型中,"地方之根"是地方性从何而来的构成基础,为旅游地地方性生成提供源动力;"地方之干"是其关联的纽带和载体,是密切旅游地联系、强化地方性的旅游产品要素;"地方之叶"是其主要呈现形式,是旅游地的典型旅游事项与特征;传播和创新因素则是其"成长氛围",也是旅游地吸取能量和内生发展的可变因素。文章试图完善地方性本体认知体系,并为旅游地应对"无地方性"和树立文化自信提供行动方向。Placeness is the particularity of a place originated from its special geographical environment,social environment,economic condition,cultural context and political factors.It is a hotspot of cultural geography,tourism geography and cultural anthropology.A systematic and clear understanding of placeness is the premise of highlighting placeness under the background of urbanization and tourism development.This study took an open concept of place as the basic idea,combined the previous studies and adopted Delphi method to explore the placeness ontology cognition and analyze its connotation.According to the survey of 17 experts,in the first level of palceness,indicators of local tradition,local history,local environment,spiritual ties and life style were very important;indicators of the spatial pattern,social atmosphere,local connections,local activities and ways of production were very important.In the second level,indicators of culture,custom,collective memory,natural environment,social environment,religious belief,memorial architectures,collective activities,social contact,folk customs,religious activities,residential houses,settlement form and landscape combination were very important.Based on these indicators,this paper tried to analyze the internal and external factors and the presenting forms of placeness considering both the inner inspection and external phenomenon from the comprehensive and dynamic perspective.The tree-like concept model of placeness‘place tree’is constructed,and its mechanism of action is discussed in this paper.According to the‘place tree’conceptual model,firstly,the root of place is the foundation of placeness,comprising geographical environment,local history and local tradition.Secondly,the stem of place is the tie and its associated carrier,supported by the local activities,local connections and spiritual ties like the rituals and ceremonies.Thirdly,the leaf of place is the main presenting form including the ways of production,lifestyle,and the whole spatial pattern of the commun

关 键 词：地方性 本体认知 成长机理 特色彰显 

分 类 号：F590[经济管理—旅游管理]