公众流感疫苗认知、接种现状及影响因素分析  

Public cognition of influenza vaccine,current status of vaccination and its influencing factors

作　　者：杨孝坤 王蕾[2] 赵宏婷 李志丽 范思萌 孙军玲[1] 郑亚明[1] 任翔[1] 余建兴 彭质斌[1] 崔颖[2] 秦颖[1] 郑建东[1] 李中杰[1] 冯子健[4] YANG Xiao-kun;WANG Lei;ZHAO Hong-ting;LI Zhi-li;FAN Si-meng;SUN Jun-ling;ZHENG Ya-ming;REN Xiang;YU Jian-xing;PENG Zhi-bin;CUI Ying;QIN Ying;ZHENG Jian-dong;LI Zhong-jie;FENG Zi-jian(Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease,Division of Infectious Disease,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Health Communication Center,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处传染病监测预警重点实验室,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心健康传播中心,北京102206 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,北京102206 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2021年第6期653-657,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10713001-005);中美新发和再发传染病合作项目(6NU2GGH000961-05-02)。

摘　　要：目的了解公众流感疫苗认知、接种现状及影响因素,为提高流感疫苗接种率提供科学依据。方法2020年1月15日-4月30日期间,使用12320公益电话平台,对广州、廊坊、南京、苏州、太原和重庆等6地区公众流感疫苗认知和2019-2020年流感季流感疫苗接种现状开展电话调查,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析影响不同年龄段公众流感疫苗接种率的相关因素。结果有效应答共计12263人。2019-2020年流感季,16.34%(1959/11989)受访者曾咨询过流感疫苗接种事宜,流感疫苗接种比例为12.95%(1529/11810),其中6月龄~5岁儿童接种比例为26.84%(877/3267),6~17岁学生为14.78%(245/1658),18~59岁成年人为3.99%(199/4989),≥60岁老年人为10.97%(208/1896)。仅5.22%(202/3866)受访者认为流感疫苗不安全,74.85%(3785/5057)认为流感疫苗具有中等和较好的保护效果。多因素logistic回归分析显示,免费接种、咨询流感疫苗接种、认为流感疫苗保护效果好、接种方便可促进流感疫苗的接种。结论公众对流感疫苗安全性和保护效果认可度较高,作为流感重症高危人群的5岁以下儿童和老年人需要进一步提升流感疫苗接种覆盖率。加大对流感疫苗相关知识宣传力度,提供便捷的咨询和接种服务可提高公众流感疫苗接种率。Objective To understand the public cognition of influenza vaccine,status quo of vaccination and its influencing factors so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the coverage rate of influenza vaccination.Methods From January 15 to April 30,2020,12320 Health Hotline and Public Health Service Platform was used to investigate the public cognition of influenza vaccine and vaccination status in the 2019-2020 influenza season in 6 regions,Guangzhou,Langfang,Nanjing,Suzhou,Taiyuan and Chongqing.Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the related factors influencing the influenza vaccination rate among the public of different ages.Results A total of 12,263 subjects responded effectively.16.34%(1,959/11,989)of the respondents had ever consulted about influenza vaccination issues during the 2019-2020 influenza season.The percentage of influenza vaccination was 12.95%(1,529/11,810).Among them,the percentages of influenza vaccination in children aged 6 months to 5 years,students aged 6 to 17 years,adults aged 18 to 59 years,and the elderly aged≥60 years were 26.84%(877/3,267),14.78%(245/1,658),3.99%(199/4,989)and 10.97%(208/1,896),respectively.Only 5.22%(202/3,866)of the respondents considered influenza vaccine to be unsafe,and 74.85%(3,785/5,057)considered influenza vaccine to have moderate and good protective effects.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that free vaccination,consultation on influenza vaccination,believing that influenza vaccine was effective,and convenient vaccination service could promote the influenza vaccination.Conclusion The safety and protective effect of influenza vaccine have garnered high recognition among the public.The coverage rate of influenza vaccine needs to be further improved among children under the age of 5 years and the elderly as the high-risk population of severe influenza.Strengthening the publicity of influenza vaccine related knowledge and providing convenient consultation and vaccination service can improve the influenza vaccination ra

关 键 词：流感疫苗 认知 接种现状 影响因素 电话调查 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]