WTO多边贸易体制的困境与解决方案研究--以USTR《上诉机构报告》为切入点  

The Predicament and Solution of WTO Multilateral Trade System--Starting from USTR’s Appellate Body Report

作　　者：刘勇 柯欢怡 LIU Yong;KE Huanyi

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2021年第3期63-85,共23页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“发达经济体‘非市场经济规则’的新发展与中国因应研究”(项目批准号:19BFX211)。

摘　　要：在美国的持续阻挠下,WTO成员对上诉机构法官的继任人选长期不能达成协商一致,最终于2019年12月10日导致上诉机构因法定人数不足而不得不停止工作。美国贸易代表关于上诉机构问题的报告反映出,美国的刻意阻挠仅是上诉机构停摆的表面原因,而WTO的体制性缺陷以及制度性不足才是导致上诉机构停止运行的深层次因素。例如,WTO造法功能日益萎缩,实体性规则与程序性规则均有不足,争端解决程序的定位不明等。为此,WTO应适度修复其造法功能,加快通过立法性解释;改革专家组与上诉机构的工作程序,适当限制两者的审查权,确立成员驱动与规则导向之间的合理边界;推动实施诸边模式的谈判机制。Under the continuous obstruction of the United States,the members of the World Trade Organization(WTO)could not reach a consensus on the successor of the Appellate Body members for a long time,which eventually led to the complete cessation of the work of the appellate body due to the lack of a quorum on December 10,2019.The US trade representative's report on the Appellate Body reflects that the deliberate obstruction of the United States is only the superficial reason for the suspension of the appellate body,while the institutional problems and institutional deficiencies of the WTO are the deep-seated factors leading to the suspension of the appellate body,such as the shrinking law making function of the WTO,the inadequacy of both substantive and procedural rules,and the unclear positioning of the dispute settlement procedure.Therefore,WTO should repair its law making function appropriately,speed up the adoption of legislative interpretation,reform the working procedures of the panel of experts and the appellate body,appropriately limit their right of review,establish a reasonable boundary between member driven and rule oriented,and promote the implementation of the multilateral negotiation mechanism.

关 键 词：世界贸易组织 美国贸易代表 上诉机构 成员驱动 规则导向 

分 类 号：D993.9[政治法律—国际法学]