植被覆盖和降雨因子变化及对东北黑土区土壤侵蚀的影响  

Effects of Variation in Vegetation Cover and Rainfall on Soil Erosion in Black Soil Region,Northeastern China

作　　者：王硕[1] 方海燕[2,3] 和继军 Wang Shuo;Fang Haiyan;He Jijun(State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Numerical Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学城市环境过程和数字模拟国家重点试验室培育基地,北京100048 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点试验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2021年第2期66-75,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“黑土区不同坡形坡耕地侵蚀及其对降雨和水保措施的响应”(41977066)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究东北黑土区植被覆盖和降雨侵蚀力因子对土壤侵蚀时空变化的影响程度,为该区水土流失治理和可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]运用修正后的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)得到了2000—2018年东北黑土区土壤侵蚀分布特征,并探究土壤侵蚀模数与因子时空分布变化规律,得出侵蚀模数对于植被覆盖和降雨侵蚀力因子变化的敏感性。[结果]黑土区土壤侵蚀变化与植被覆盖与管理因子和降雨侵蚀力因子的变化相关。研究期间侵蚀模数从1175.20 t/(km 2·a)下降至822.07 t/(km 2·a),并且全区主要以微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀为主,空间上呈现西南向东北逐渐降低的空间分布特点。[结论]东北黑土区东南部和西南部的植被覆盖与管理因子(C)敏感系数分别为0.95和1.00,是强度敏感区域,提高植被覆盖度将成为有效治理手段;西北与西南降雨侵蚀力因子(R)敏感系数分别为0.45和1.00,为中度敏感和强度敏感的区域,降低降雨的影响对治理侵蚀最为有效。[Objective]The effects of vegetation cover and rainfall erosivity on the spatial and temporal changes of soil erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China were studied,in order to provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation and sustainable development in this region.[Methods]The revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)was used to calculate soil erosion modulus and its distribution in the study region from 2000 to 2018,the spatial and temporal distribution of soil erosion modulus and the influencing factors were analyzed,and the sensitivity of the erosion modulus to changes of vegetation cover and rainfall factors was obtained.[Results]Soil erosion in the black soil region of Northeastern China was mainly affected by the changes in vegetation cover and management factor C and rainfall erosivity factor R.The erosion modulus in the study area decreased from 1175.20 t/(km^(2)·a)to 822.07 t/(km^(2)·a)during 2000—2018,and slight and mild erosion dominated,with a spatial distribution from southwestern to northeastern parts of the black soil region.[Conclusion]The sensitivity coefficients of vegetation cover and management factor(C)are 0.95 and 1.00 in the southeast and southwest of the black soil region,which belong to intensely sensitive areas.In these places,the effective management method is to improve the vegetation cover.In contrast,the sensitivity coefficients of rainfall erosion force factor(R)are 0.45 and 1.00 in the northwestern and southwestern parts,which belong to moderately and intense sensitive areas,where the effective way to control soil loss is to reduce the impact of rainfall.

关 键 词：植被覆盖 降雨变化 土壤侵蚀 时空变化 东北黑土区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]