板栗树种在中国水土流失区的分布及其环境因子  

Distribution and Environmental Factors of Castanea Mollissima in Soil and Water Loss Areas in China

作　　者：唐兴港 袁颖丹 张星 张金池 Tang Xinggang;Yuan Yingdan;Zhang Xing;Zhang Jinchi(Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China)

机构地区：[1]南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏省水土保持与生态修复重点实验室,南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2021年第2期345-352,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新项目“典型困难立地生态经济防护林营建技术方案”〔CX(17)1004〕;林业公益性行业科研专项“露采石矿植被恢复与重建关键技术研究与示范”(201504406);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：[目的]在当前气候背景下预测板栗树种在中国的空间分布和生态特征,为板栗树种的合理引种、产业持续发展以及在水土流失地区的应用提供理论支撑。[方法]基于261个分布点和40个环境变量,利用MaxEnt模型预测板栗树种的潜在地理分布并确定影响其分布的主要环境因子。通过对比国家级水土流失区和板栗树种的潜在分布确定其应用范围。[结果]年均降水量、年平均温度、表层土壤酸碱度、平均日温差和温度季节变化方差5个环境变量对板栗树种适生区的分布贡献较大,累积贡献率在83%以上。同时板栗树种喜水怕涝,适合在酸性土壤中生长。潜在适生区面积总计为2.92×106 km^(2),约占国土总面积的30.46%,其中高度适生区主要分布在四川省和云南省的东北部,湖北省、湖南省和江西省的大部分地区,陕西省、河南省、安徽省、浙江省和山东省的部分地区。中度适生区分布以高度适生区为中心向外扩展。[结论]对比中国水土流失重点预防和重点治理区,除青藏地区、西北地区和东北地区不太适宜板栗树种的引种外,在其他水土流失区都可以考虑选择板栗树种作为水土保持的经济树种。基于MaxEnt模型的板栗树种潜在分布预测拓展了人们对板栗树种分布和生态特征的认识,同时为水土保持功能区的树种选择提供了科学依据。[Objective]The spatial distribution and ecological characteristics of Castanea mollissima in China under the current climate background were predicted in order to provide a theoretical support for the rational introduction and application of Castanea mollissima in soil and water loss areas.[Methods]Based on 261 occurrence points and 40 environmental variables,MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential distribution of Castanea mollissima.Environmental factors affecting the distribution of Castanea mollissima were also determined.The application scope was determined by comparing the potential distribution of Castanea mollissima with the national soil and water loss areas.[Results]Five environmental variables,including annual precipitation,annual mean temperature,topsoil pH value,mean diurnal range and temperature seasonality,contributed significantly to the distribution of suitable areas of Castanea mollissima,and the cumulative contribution rate was more than 83%.At the same time,Castanea mollissima likes water but is afraid of water logging,so it is suitable for growing in acid soils.The potential suitable areas were 2.92×10^(6) km^(2),accounting for 30.46%of total nation land areas.The highly suitable areas were mainly in the northeast of Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province,most areas of Hubei Province,Hu’nan Province and Jiangxi Province,and some areas of Shaanxi Province,He’nan Province,Anhui Province,Zhejiang Province and Shandong Province.The distribution of moderately suitable areas expanded outward with the centre of highly suitable areas.[Conclusion]Compared with the national key prevention areas and key control areas of soil and water loss in China,Castanea mollissima can be selected as economic tree species for soil and water conservation in other areas,except for Qinghai-Tibet region,the northwest region and the northeast regions.The potential distribution prediction of Castanea mollissima based on MaxEnt model has expanded the understanding of the distribution of ecological characteristics o

关 键 词：板栗树种 MaxEnt模型 潜在适生区 水土保持 环境因子 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]