建筑火灾场景下的疏散个体动态安全性评价方法  

Dynamic Safety Evaluation Method of Evacuated Individuals in Building Fire Scene

作　　者：严瑾 王莉 成连华[1] 周瑞雪 郭慧敏 YAN Jin;WANG Li;CHENG Lian-hua;ZHOU Rui-xue;GUO Hui-min(Safety Science and Engineering College, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China;Key Laboratory of Western Mine Mining and Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710054, China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,西安710054 [2]教育部西部矿井开采及灾害防治重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2021年第15期6526-6532,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51974238);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(51504185)。

摘　　要：为了减少因疏散个体对火场风险的感知和自身安全性认知产生的偏差而导致的应急疏散决策失误,通过分析影响建筑火灾情景人员疏散安全性的因素,引入物元分析理论和智能消防系统及其他检测探测设备等物联网技术,提出了一种针对某一具体建筑利用物联网技术获取动态风险并对疏散个体进行实时安全性评价的方法。该评价方法不仅解决了传统方法难以适应风险动态变化的问题,还通过将物元分析理论引入疏散个体安全评价过程减少了主观性对评价结果的影响。通过假设论证表明:基于动态风险数据的建筑火灾疏散个体安全性评价方法能够较准确的评估建筑火灾情景疏散个体的安全性。该研究为火灾情境下的疏散个体应急疏散决策辅助系统研究提供一定的参考价值。In order to reduce the error in emergency evacuation decision-making caused by the deviation of evacuated individuals'perception of fire risk and their own safety perception,by analyzing the factors that affect the evacuation safety of people in building fire scenarios and introducing internet and thing technologies such as matter-element analysis theory,intelligent fire protection systems and other detection and detection equipment,a method,individual evacuation method for real-time safety evaluation,was proposed to obtain the dynamic risks of a specific building through the use of IoT technology.This evaluation method not only solved the problem that traditional methods were difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes of risks,but also reduced the influence of subjectivity on the evaluation results by introducing matter element analysis theory into the safety evaluation process of evacuated individuals.The hypothesis demonstration shows that the safety evaluation method of individual building fire evacuation based on dynamic risk data can more accurately assess the safety of individual evacuation in building fire scenarios.The study provides a number of valuable research in the context of fire evacuation emergency evacuation individual decision-support systems.

关 键 词：建筑火灾 疏散个体 动态风险 安全评价 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]