“中华民族是一个”的田野基础与学理支撑——顾颉刚西北考察与民族知识的获取  

Field Work Foundation and Academic Support for “the Chinese Nation as One”——Gu Jiegang’s Study and Acquisition of Ethnic Knowledge in Northwestern China

作　　者：王志通[1] WANG Zhi-tong(School of History and Culture,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期66-75,共10页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大委托项目“草原-沙漠文化带少数民族历史变迁研究”(项目编号:20@WTS003);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费科研创新团队“清代伊犁将军研究”(项目编号:2020JBKYTD002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：七七事变后,顾颉刚应管理中英庚款董事会之邀前往西北实地考察,为期一年。他辗转于河、湟、洮、渭诸流域之间,先从回汉聚居区逐渐进入汉、回、藏等多民族聚居区,细致观察和深入思考了西北地区多民族、多宗教共存共生的社会状况及其内在关系。在繁忙考察中,他将知识获取的重要途径——观察、阅读和交流三者很好地结合起来,阅读了大量有关民族边疆方面的论著、西北地方史籍和西北考察游记,将书本知识与现实观察相结合,加深了对汉、回、蒙古、藏等民族的理解。不同民族之间的确存在种种差异和矛盾,但也存在和睦相处的情况和统合为一个"中华民族"的核心基础。他与服务西北的青年、地方文化名流、政府官员、传教士和普通民众进行各种形式的交谈,在与各阶层人士的民族知识分享与传递中获得了此前从未关注到的大量民族知识,填补了不少知识盲区。与人交谈更是借助"他者"突破时空限制,拓展了知识获取的渠道,尤其是大量有关西北民族的显性特征和隐性知识,彼此印证,相互补充,修正和深化了他对西北民族社会的认知,为他反思"民族"概念做了充分的知识铺垫。西北考察获取的民族知识最终成为他阐释"中华民族是一个"民族理论的重要知识来源。After the Lugou Bridge Incident on July 7, 1927, Gu Jiegang was invited by the Board of Trustees of Sino-British Gengkuan to make field study in northwestern China. It took one year, during which he visited river basins along the Yellow River, Huangshui River, Tao River and Wei River. From the regions inhabited by Hui and Han ethnic people, he gradually entered the area where Han, Hui and Tibetan ethnic people resided. Through careful observation and profound thinking, Gu studied social situation and internal relations addressing multi-ethnic, multi-religious coexistence. Despite differences and contradictions among different ethnic groups they also share conditions of peaceful coexistence and the integration into one "Chinese nation". He had frequent conversations with young people, local cultural celebrities, government officials, missionaries and ordinary people in northwestern China, and attained a great deal of ethnic knowledge that he never noticed. Talking to people with the help of "others" made breakthrough on time and space constraints, and allowed him to expand his access to knowledge. The ethnic knowledge acquired by his study trip in northwestern China finally became an important source of knowledge for his interpretation of the theory that "the Chinese Nation as One".

关 键 词：顾颉刚 西北考察 民族知识 中华民族是一个 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]