风吹雪多相流运动及其在寒区雪水文中的应用  

Multi-phase flow of wind blowing snow and its application in snow hydrology

作　　者：李广[1,2,3,4] 于鸿翔 张洁 黄宁 LI Guang;YU Hongxiang;ZHANG Jie;HUANG Ning(Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China,The Ministry of Education of China,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Atmospheric Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Architecture,Civil and Environmental Engineering,Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne,Lausanne 1015,Switzerland)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,兰州730000 [3]兰州大学大气科学学院,兰州730000 [4]洛桑联邦理工学院建筑、土木与环境工程学院,瑞士洛桑1015

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2021年第3期170-181,I0004,共13页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41931179);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42006187);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究国家专项(2019QZKK020109,2019QZKK020611);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2020-pd11)。

摘　　要：积雪作为冰冻圈的重要组成部分和地球表面最为活跃的自然要素之一,其分布及时空演化对全球气候变化具有重要的指示和反馈作用。同时,积雪也是中纬度山区主要的淡水资源,其融雪水是北半球地表径流的主要补给之一,对春季融雪径流也具有重要的影响。风吹雪是积雪在风力的作用下沿流向输运的一种常见自然现象,是地表积雪搬运的主要途径之一,是山区积雪再分布的关键驱动力。风吹雪涉及大气湍流边界层与雪颗粒相互作用,具有多相流动、多场耦合和多尺度作用的特点,是一个十分复杂的动力学过程,包含诸多科学热点和难点问题。本文从积雪质能平衡方程出发,介绍了与风吹雪相关的各个物理过程,包括降雪的优先沉降、风吹雪及其升华等对积雪质能平衡过程的影响以及其在寒区水文学中的应用等方面的研究现状及进展,并指出目前我国在雪水文学研究中存在的问题和未来的发展趋势,供读者参考。Snow is an important part of the cryosphere and one of the most active natural elements on the earth’s surface.Its distribution and spatial evolution have important indications and feedbacks to global climate change.Moreover,it is also the main freshwater resources in mountainous area of middle-latitude,and the snowmelt is one of the main replenishments of the surface runoff in the northern hemisphere,therefore the distribution of snow cover has an important influence on the spring snowmelt runoff.Wind blowing snow and drifting snow,as the common natural phenomenon that the wind drives snow particles which are transported to the streamwise direction,is one of the main ways to transport surface snow,as well as the critical driving force of snow redistribution in mountainous area.Wind blowing snow involves the interaction between the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer and snow particles.It has the characteristics of multi-phase flow,multi-field coupling and multi-scale effecting,which is a very complex dynamic process,including many scientific hotspots and difficult problems.Starting from the snow mass-energy balance equation,this paper introduces the research progress of the various physical processes of wind-blown snow,including the preferential deposition of snow,wind blowing snow and its sublimation on the snow mass-energy balance process,and its application in hydrology in cold regions.Current problems and future development trends in snow hydrology research in China are discussed,for readers’reference.

关 键 词：积雪 风吹雪 雪水文 多相流 雪层质能平衡 

分 类 号：V211.17[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] P425.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]