末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶在生物传感及核酸合成领域的应用  

Application of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase in Biosensors and Nucleic Acid Synthesis

作　　者：唐梦童 王兆官 李娇娇 齐浩[1,2,3] TANG Meng-tong;WANG Zhao-guan;LI Jiao-jiao;QI Hao(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education,Syn Bio Research Platform,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]系统生物工程教育部重点实验室,天津300072 [3]天津化学化工协同创新中心合成生物学平台,天津300072

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2021年第5期51-64,共14页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2020YFA0712104)资助项目。

摘　　要：末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase,TdT)是聚合酶X家族中的一员,与典型的DNA聚合酶不同,TdT以恒温的无模板依赖的方式催化脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸(dNTP)聚合到寡核苷酸的3’羟基端来合成DNA。并且TdT对底物的耐受性高具有聚合修饰型dNTP的能力,如荧光修饰的dNTP、生物素修饰的dNTP,甚至人工碱基均可作为其良好底物。TdT的这些生化特性使其被广泛的应用在生物传感和核酸合成领域中,促进了许多基于核酸的工具和方法的发展,并为酶促从头合成DNA技术的发展奠定基础。介绍了TdT的性质,重点总结了它在其介导的生物检测技术、核酸的修饰技术以及酶促合成DNA技术三个方面的核心作用、目前面临的挑战以及未来研究的方向,以期促进TdT在生物传感器和核酸合成中的进一步应用。Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase( TdT) is a member of the polymerase X family. Unlike typical DNA polymerases,TdT incorporates nucleotides at the 3’-end of single stranded DNA oligo in a unique template-free manner. Moreover,the high tolerance of TdT to substrates allows it to polymerize modified dNTP.Fluorescence-modified dNTPs,biotin-modified dNTPs and even artificial bases can be used as good substrates.These biochemical properties of TdT make it widely used in the fields of biosensing and nucleic acid synthesis,promote the development of many nucleic acid-based tools and methods, and lay the foundation for the development of enzymatic de novo DNA synthesis technology. The latest progress of cartilage 3D bioprinting and the limitations of current technology are also explained.

关 键 词：末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶 生物传感器 修饰型核苷酸 核酸合成 

分 类 号：Q812[生物学—生物工程]