列车车轮滚动噪声的频域特性研究  

Study on the Frequency Domain Characteristics of the Rolling Noise of Train Wheels

作　　者：汶晓强 靳伟江 石焕文[1] WEN Xiaoqiang;JIN Weijiang;SHI Huanwen(School of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064)

机构地区：[1]长安大学理学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《常州工学院学报》2021年第2期28-35,共8页Journal of Changzhou Institute of Technology

摘　　要：为探究轮轨表面粗糙度激励下车轮的振动辐射声场特征,采用有限元法-边界元法相结合的方法,建立车轮和轨道的三维有限元模型。分析了其结构振动模态和位移导纳,并通过声学边界元软件LMS Virtual.Lab建模,对车轮辐射声场与真实激励下辐射声功率级进行预测研究。结果表明,轮轨接触点处车轮径向导纳变化剧烈,在计算频率范围内自振频率较多,而钢轨垂向导纳变化整体较为平和,仅在钢轨Pinned-Pinned频率附近变化较剧烈;车轮的声辐射效率在低频时较小,随着频率增大而增大,并逐渐趋近于1;计算得到的每单位粗糙度接触力与Thompson的计算结果基本相符,在国际标准BS EN ISO3095:2013激励下,高频范围的声功率级大于低频范围。研究结果为探讨轨道车轮在真实激励下的辐射噪声预测及控制提供了帮助与参考。In order to explore the characteristics of the vibration radiation sound field of the wheel under the excitation of the wheel/rail surface roughness,a combination of finite element method and boundary element method is adopted to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel and track,analyzing the structural vibration mode and displacement admittance,and through the modeling of the acoustic boundary element software LMS Virtual.Lab,predicting the wheel radiated sound field and the radiated sound power level under real excitation.The results show that the radial admittance of the wheel at the wheel-rail contact point changes drastically,and the natural frequency is quite high in the calculated frequency range,while the vertical admittance of the rail changes relatively smoothly as a whole,and drastically only near the Pinned-Pinned frequency of the rail.The acoustic radiation efficiency of the wheel is relatively small at low frequencies,and increases as the frequency increases,gradually approaching 1.The calculated contact force per unit roughness is basically consistent with the results of D.J Thompson,and inspired by the international standard BS EN ISO3095:2013,the sound power level in the high frequency range is greater than that in the low frequency range.The research results provide assistance and reference for further exploration on the prediction and control of radiated noise of rail wheels under real excitation.

关 键 词：有限元法-边界元法 列车车轮 轮轨表面不平顺 轮轨力 声辐射 

分 类 号：U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程]